The northern coast of Australia does not have a specific name. To the east is a large gulf known as the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Uluru, or Ayers Rock, is not actually Australia's largest landmark, but it is the most recognisable. Mount Augustus, also a monolith, would be Australia's largest landmark. The Great Barrier Reef, just off the coast of Queensland, is a larger natural feature, being about 2,000km in length.
because its too hot in the middle of australia and we like beaches
Australia's most popular landmark is Ayers Rock, or Uluru, in the Northern Territory Outback.
This is the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Alice Springs is actually a town, but it is a large town, and is located in central Australia.
The large majority of Australians live along the Eastern Coast. Australia's 3 biggest cities sit along this coast - Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane. You can see city populations here - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population
The Great Barrier Reef
Yes. Wave Rock, near Hyden in Western Australia, is a landmark.
No Victoria is actually on the east coast of Australia. West coast of Australia is called Western Australia, the capital of which is Perth.
The great dividing range along the east coast of Australia has a large effect on the rain fall to the west of the range.
The Gold Coast covers a large region, and there are dozens of postcodes for the different suburbs of the Gold Coast. A list of the postcodes for the Gold Coast can be found at the related link below.