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An accumulator is a register where arithmetic and logic operations are performed and their results stored (accumulated). Usually one operand was already stored in the accumulator while the other came from memory, the immediate value field of an instruction, or if the computer has them another register.
Many early computers had only one accumulator and a small number of index registers. On such machines the accumulator register itself is the ALU, it has all the special circuits inside itself to perform those operations and modify its own contents. The flipflops that store the data in an accumulator are usually JK-flipflops, which simplify the design of those special circuits.
Later when computers began to use multiple general purpose registers the concept of the accumulator fell out of favor. On such machines one separate ALU was shared with all the registers, which were reduced to just a small bank of very high speed RAM with no special circuits like accumulators usually have.
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What did George Boole invent?
George Boole invented the digital computer logic also known as Boolean logic.
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