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Total hardness=(Ca2+)*(combining weight of CaCO3/combining weight of Ca2+) +(Mg2+)(combining weight of CaCO3/combining weight of Mg2+)
CaCO3 calcium carbonate
The Ca2+ ion is larger than the Mg2+ ion. The ionic radii are: 86pm for the Mg2+ and 114pm for the Ca2+. Besides the fact that the Ca2+ has more electrons this can be explained by the principle of electron shielding. Electron shielding is when lower level electrons block the EFC(effective nuclear charge) from effecting the valence electrons of an ion. Ca2+has more electrons than Mg2+ so more electron shielding occurs.
they cannot bond together, they are separate .
Mg2+ and Ca2+
Ca2+ , Mg2+ .
Total hardness=(Ca2+)*(combining weight of CaCO3/combining weight of Ca2+) +(Mg2+)(combining weight of CaCO3/combining weight of Mg2+)
When Borax is added to water, it reacts with Ca2+ and Mg2+, which come out of water as precipitates. The reactions involved are: Ca2+ + Na2B4O7 ----> CaB4O7 + 2Na+ Mg2+ + Na2B4O7 -----> MgB4O7 + 2Na+
When Borax is added to water, it reacts with Ca2+ and Mg2+, which come out of water as precipitates. The reactions involved are: Ca2+ + Na2B4O7 ----> CaB4O7 + 2Na+ Mg2+ + Na2B4O7 -----> MgB4O7 + 2Na+
Cations are positively charged ions. •Na+ •K+ •Ca2+ •Mg2+
Mg2+ and Ca2+ (and many more!)
CaCO3 calcium carbonate
The Ca2+ ion is larger than the Mg2+ ion. The ionic radii are: 86pm for the Mg2+ and 114pm for the Ca2+. Besides the fact that the Ca2+ has more electrons this can be explained by the principle of electron shielding. Electron shielding is when lower level electrons block the EFC(effective nuclear charge) from effecting the valence electrons of an ion. Ca2+has more electrons than Mg2+ so more electron shielding occurs.
they cannot bond together, they are separate .
•Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-
•2CaCO3 + Mg2+ > CaMg(CO3)2 + Ca2+ • •Fluid flow seems to control precipitation of dolomite
Mg2+ and Ca2+