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What does it mean when you have mild mucosal thickening along the left frontal sinus?
Mild mucosal thickening along the left frontal sinus is a sign of sinusitis.
Discribe mild bulge of antirear mitral leafletwhy is it?
Mild bulge of anterior mitral leaflet refers to the discs in your spine.
What is mild ectasia of the distal aorta?
Mild aortic ectasia is a mild enlargement of the aorta. This enlargement is under 1.5 times the normal aortic size, however it can be very serious. If it is caught in time, however, surgical repair is very effective.
What does chronic changes within the ethmoid air cells with septal destruction mild muosal thickening mean?
Chronic sinusitis
What does it means by Mild continuous circumferential wall thickening of rectum and recto sigmoid?
The rectum and sigmoid colon are uniformly thickened.
What is Mild ethmoid sinus mucosal thickening?
This medical phrase means that you have a chronic sinus infection. Your maxillary paranasal air sinuses are inflamed and narrowed which is what is making it difficult to breathe and clear the nose of mucus.
What does it mean when it says ligamentum flavum thickening and mild facet hypertrophy?
Ligamentum flavum is placed in the vertebral canal anterior to the spines of vertebrae and laminae of the vertebrae. Thickening of this ligament is common cause of spinal stenosis. Facet on the transverse process in enlarged in a given patient.
What are the chances of your child dying during an orchiopexy He has a very minor heart condition bicuspid valve with mild aortic valve stenosis The surgeon is meant to be very experienced?
Orchiopexy, surgery to fix the testis, is a minor surgery that is very safe. The chances of the child dying are vanishingly small (on the order of winning the lottery). On the other hand the chances of having major problems such as emergency surgery for testicular torsion and testicular cancer are much higher if it is not done.
How do you clean valve lifters?
The most effective way to clean valve lifters is to disassembled the vehicle's top end and remove the lifters. They can then be cleaned with a mild solvent, lubricated, and re-installed.
What is ectatic ascending aorta?
If its dilated up to 3 cm, seems to be a precursor condition to distended (swollen) condition which is a precursor to a ruptured aorta Usually occurs in the descending (or abdominal) aorta.
Aortic stenosis?
DefinitionThe aorta is the main artery carrying blood out of the heart. When blood leaves the heart, it flows through the aortic valve, into the aorta. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully. This decreases blood flow from the heart.Alternative NamesAortic valve stenosis; Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; Rheumatic aortic stenosis; Calcium aortic stenosisCauses, incidence, and risk factorsAs the aortic valve becomes more narrow, the pressure increases inside the left heart ventricle. This causes the left heart ventricle to become thicker, which decreases blood flow and can lead to chest pain. As the pressure continues to rise, blood may back up into the lungs, and you may feel short of breath. Severe forms of aortic stenosis prevent enough blood from reaching the brain and rest of the body. This can cause light-headedness and fainting.Aortic stenosis may be present from birth (congenital), or it may develop later in life (acquired). Children with aortic stenosis may have other congenital conditions.In adults, aortic stenosis occurs most commonly in those who've had rheumatic fever, a condition that may develop after strep throat or scarlet fever. Valve problems do not develop for 5 - 10 years or longer after rheumatic fever occurs. Rheumatic fever is increasingly rare in the United States.Only rarely do other factors lead to aortic stenosis in adults. These include calcium deposits forming around the aortic valve, radiation treatment to the chest, and some medications.Aortic stenosis is not common. It occurs more often in men than in women.SymptomsPeople with aortic stenosis may have no symptoms at all until late in the course of the disease. The diagnosis may have been made when the healthcare provider heard a heart murmur and then performed additional tests.Symptoms of aortic stenosis include:Breathlessnesswith activityChest pain, angina-type Crushing, squeezing, pressure, tightnessPain increases with exercise, relieved with restUnder the chest bone, may move to other areasFainting, weakness, or dizziness with activitySensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations)In infants and children, symptoms include:Becoming tired or fatigued with exertion more easily than others (in mild cases)Serious breathing problems that develop within days or weeks of birth (in severe cases)Children with mild or moderate aortic stenosis may get worse as they get older. They also run the risk of developing a heart infection (bacterial endocarditis).Signs and testsThe health care provider will be able to feel a vibration or movement when placing a hand over the person's heart. A heart murmur, click, or other abnormal sound is almost always heard through a stethoscope. There may be a faint pulse or changes in the quality of the pulse in the neck (this is called pulsus parvus et tardus).Infants and children with aortic stenosis may be extremely tired, sweaty, and have pale skin and fast breathing. They may also be smaller than other children their age.Blood pressure may be low.The following tests may be performed:Chest x-rayDoppler echocardiographyECGExercise stress testingLeft cardiac catheterizationMRI of the heartTransesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)TreatmentIf there are no symptoms or symptoms are mild, you may only need to be monitored by a health care provider.Patients with significant aortic stenosis are usually told not to play competitive sports, even if they don't have symptoms. If symptoms do occur, strenuous activity must be limited.Medications are used to treat symptoms of heart failure or abnormal heart rhythms (most commonly atrial fibrillation). These include diuretics (water pills), nitrates, and beta-blockers. High blood pressure should also be treated.Antibiotics may be used for some people with aortic stenosis:People who had rheumatic fever in the past may need long-term, daily treatment with penicillin.In the past, most patients with heart valve problems such as aortic stenosis were given antibiotics before dental work or an invasive procedure, such as colonoscopy. The antibiotics were given to prevent an infection of the damaged heart valve. However, antibiotics are now used much less often before dental work and other procedures.Patients should stop smoking and be treated for high cholesterol.People with aortic stenosis should see a cardiologist every 3 to 6 months.Surgery to repair or replace the valve is the preferred treatment for adults or children who develop symptoms. Even if symptoms are not very bad, the doctor may recommend surgery. People with no symptoms but worrisome results on diagnostic tests may also require surgery.A less invasive procedure called balloon valvuloplasty may be done in children instead. This is a procedure in which a balloon is placed into an artery in the groin, advanced to the heart, placed across the valve, and inflated. This may relieve the blockage caused by the narrowed valve.Some children may require aortic valve repair or replacement. If possible, the pulmonary valve may be used to replace the aortic valve.Children with mild aortic stenosis may be able to participate in most activities and sports.See also:Aortic valve surgery - minimally invasiveAortic valve surgery - openHeart failureExpectations (prognosis)Without surgery, a person with aortic stenosis who has angina or signs of heart failure may do poorly.Aortic stenosis can be cured with surgery. After surgery there is a risk for irregular heart rhythms, which can cause sudden death, and blood clots, which can cause a stroke. There is also a risk that the new valve will stop working and need to be replaced.ComplicationsArrhythmiasEndocarditisLeft-sided heart failureLeft ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement) caused by the extra work of pushing blood through the narrowed valveCalling your health care providerCall your health care provider if you or your child has symptoms of aortic stenosis. For example, call if you or your child has a sensation of feeling the heart beat (palpitations) for more than a short period of time.Also contact your doctor immediately if you have been diagnosed with this condition and your symptoms get worse or new symptoms develop.PreventionTreat strep infections promptly to prevent rheumatic fever, which can cause aortic stenosis. This condition itself often cannot be prevented, but some of the complications can be prevented.Follow the health care provider's treatment recommendation for conditions that may cause valve disease. Notify the provider if there is a family history of congenital heart disease.ReferencesOtto CM, Bonow RO. Valvular heart disease. Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 62.Fullerton DA, Harken AH. Acquired heart disease: valvular. In: Townsend CM Jr., Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, et al., eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 62.Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, et al. ACC/AHA 2008 guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(8):676-685.Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr., Faxon DP, Freed MD, et al; 2006 Writing Committee Members; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;118:e523-e661.Obstructive lesions. In: Park MK, ed. Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 13.Reviewed ByReview Date: 05/07/2010Issam Mikati, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
What is a leaky heart valve?
A leaky valve is a condition in which the blood flow is altered by a valve that allows blood to flow backwards, otherwise known as "regurgitation".Regurgitation can negatively impact the flow of blood across each of your four heart valves - aortic valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve and tricuspid valve.Ultimately, leaky heart valves force the heart to "work harder" as it re-pumps blood through a valve. Over time, this can lead to several leaking heart valve symptoms and an enlarged heart.Some of the most common symptoms of leaky heart valves are:Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or when you lie downFatigue, especially during times of increased activityCough, especially at night or when lying downHeart palpitations - sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeatSwollen feet or anklesHeart murmurExcessive urinationChest pain (angina) or tightnessFeeling faint or fainting with exertionDizzinessLeaking heart valve symptoms do not always appear, or manifest, simultaneously for a patient. Many patients can be asymptomatic even though they suffer from mild, moderate, or even severe, heart valve disease.If you are experiencing symptoms, it's important to know that there are a number of different heart valve diseases and valve defects that could trigger leaky heart valve symptoms.It is recommended that those who believe they are experiencing any of the leaking heart valve symptoms identified above visit their doctor or cardiologist. Some heart valve diseases can be easily identified by listening to your heart valve sounds with a stethoscope. This is usually the first step in diagnosing a heart valve disease or leak in the valve.
