Usually such money is called "taxes".
Yes, they are paid partially by your tax money.
Taxes are money that gets paid to the government.
Sales tax
yes sir
The government is not going to get their money. They will have to be satisfied that there are no assets in the estate and that no one else got paid.
Yes, Chrysler took out a private loan and paid off the US government.
Some companies paid them money to ignore these problems.
Perpetual government debt (to be paid by the next elected party, and so on).
income tax
The government collects money through taxes. Every time you are paid at work you pay a Federal Income Tax. When you buy items at the store you are paying the government.
i think its the days that teachers dont get paid to save the government money.
Grant-in-Aid