magma
magma
Magma is the result of partial melting of crustal rocks. It is a eutectic melt product.
Under the crust.
The most abundant type of magma erupted at oceanic spread centers is basaltic magma. This type of magma has low viscosity and forms in the mantle part of the Earth that are high in iron and magnesium.
The composition of the magma effects the temperature it will cool and solidify at. In general most magma solidify at about 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit.
Most viscous Felsic magma i.e. rhyolite Intermediate magma i.e. andersite Mafic magma i.e. Basalt Ultramafic magma i.e. Komatiite Least viscous
Silica is the most abundant component in magma and has the greatest effect on its characteristics. The amount of silica present determines the magma's viscosity, which in turn influences the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions.
Composite volcanoes can contain virtually any kind of magma ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic. Andesitic magma is the most common. One stratovolcano contains unique carbonatite magma, which is unlike the magma of any other volcano in the world.
Gaseous thick magma equals massive explosion.
Most often between 700 and 1300 degrees C..
Most magma forms from the partial melting of Earth's mantle rocks. As these rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressures in the mantle, certain minerals melt at different temperatures, leading to the formation of magma.
Most magma originates in the asthenosphere, which is a semi-fluid layer located in the upper mantle. Magma forms here due to the high temperatures and pressures that facilitate the melting of rock.