Protein and a functioning immune system.
No
Unknown antibodies in the blood during pregnancy may indicate the presence of autoantibodies or antibodies against infections that the mother has encountered. These antibodies can arise from previous infections, autoimmune conditions, or blood group incompatibilities. Their presence can be important for monitoring potential risks to the fetus, such as hemolytic disease or other immune-related complications. Further testing is often needed to determine the specific type and implications of these antibodies.
Vaccines stimulate production of antibodies.
Antibodies
Plasma donors are greatly needed to provide researchers with the antibodies needed to make positive controls in diagnostic tests for patients seeking diagnosis.
No they do not. B cells synthesize the antibodies.
Antibodies are made in the lymph nodes.
Treating dissociated cells with certain antibodies can disrupt cell-cell adhesion molecules or signaling pathways that are necessary for cells to reaggregate properly. This can prevent the cells from recognizing each other and forming the correct interactions needed for reaggregation.
The blood cells detect the pathogen The pathogens release toxins The blood cells make antibodies to fit the toxins ( they have to be a specific shape) The antibodies stick the bacteria together ready to be engulfed by he white blood cells The White blood cells remember the antibodies needed for that pathogen so they can make antibodies quicker next time the pathogen invades
Function of antibodies is to neutralizes the antigens that enters.
antibodies fight infections
Antibodies will eventually form but it takes 7-10 days for that to happen.