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In general, speakers have two connections, and it is important to connect them the "same way" to the amplifier. (Amps also have pairs of output terminals.) We usually designate the terminals of the speaker as positive and negative. (Outputs of amps are usually designated the same way.) It is important to connecteach positive speaker terminal to the positive output of the amp for a given channel, and each negative speaker terminal to the negative output of the amp for a given channel. This way the speakers will be connected in phase. It is possible to reverse all of the connections and not have problems, but it is critical that speakers be connected in phase.

Speakers do not become out of phase or change phase. When they are constructed, their operation is fixed and will not vary during their lifetime. A given polarity of a wave, either positive- or negative-going, will always cause the speaker to move in the same given direction.

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In general, out of phase for a speaker is a condition when one speaker is connected incorrectly. Speakers convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and they do this by moving and alternately compressing and decompressing (rarefying) air. They move out and in. If we have a speaker that is out of phase, it is moving the "wrong way" with reference to the other (correctly connected) speaker. If a given polarity of signal is supposed to cause both speakers to compress air by moving out, one will be doing that (moving out) while the incorrectly connected one will be rarefying air by moving in. This is said to be an out of phase condition.

If you suspect an out of phase condition, review the wiring. Any incorrectly connected speakers should be reconnected in the correct manner. Speaker terminals are generally designated positive and negative (as are the speaker outputs of amps) so that correct connections can be made. Make all connections accordingly.

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Q: What is out of phase for a speaker?
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