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what is physical datd independence
The logical database is how the data is percieved in the tables, the way the data is actually stored on the storage medium is the physical view of the database.
It is better to think of it as an abstraction - but one that is very useful for many practical calculations.
sorry i have the same question for ICT and i've been searching for the answer for EVER! but i don't know! i'm so sorry :'(
A mathematical model is made up of mathematical equations and data. These models allow you to calculate things such as how far a car will travel in an hour or how much you could weigh on the moon. Physical models are models that you can touch. Toy cars, models of buildings, maps, and globes are all physical models.
how data are stored would be in a physical layer
The three levels of data abstraction in a DBMS are physical, logical, and view. Physical level: Describes how data is stored in the database, including details like data storage and access paths. Logical level: Focuses on the structure of the data in the database, including schemas, tables, and relationships. View level: Represents how users view the data, providing a customized and simplified representation of the data to different user groups.
abstraction is show nonessential data to user ,
Data abstraction is the reduction of a body of data to a simplified representation of the whole. Data abstraction is usually the first step in database design in order to create a simplified framework that can be added to in order to complete the database.
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Purpose of database users with an abstract view of the data that is system hides certain details of how the data are stored and maintained. It gives an architecture is to separate the user applications and the physical database.
health
Abstraction: Abstraction refers to removal/reduction of irrelevant data or unnecessary data or confidential data from a Class. Data hiding: Data hiding is a feature provided by the abstraction for hiding the data from the class.
select*from stludent
physical
Data Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
Since a user can define a views, logical data independence can achieved by using view definition to hide changes in the conceptual schema. since the sql user has no knowledge of how the data is physically represented, relying solely on the relation abstraction for querying, physical data independence is also achieved.