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Proteolysis is the directed degradation (digestion) of proteins by cellular enzymes called proteases or by intramolecular digestion.
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Which chemical reactions would be needed to convert a polypeptide into small subunits?
Proteolysis is a chemical reaction that would be needed to convert a polypeptide into small sub-units. By definition, proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. The breakdown occurs through a process called hydrolysis in which the chemical bonds are separated by the addition of water.
Function of protease?
Proteases are protein-digesting enzymes. They are produced in the stomach, pancreas, salivary glands, and small intestine. They break long-chain proteins (polypeptides) into shorter polypeptides and individual amino acids, of which there are around twenty.
What is a description of the process of vitellogenesis?
Vitellogenesis(also known as yolk deposition)is the process of yolk formation via nutrients being deposited in the oocyte, or female germ cell involved in reproduction. It starts when the fat body stimulates the release of juvenile hormones and produces vitellogenin protein. It occurs in all animal groups lower than the mammals. In cockroaches, for example, vitellogenesis can be stimulated by injection of juvenile hormone into immature females and mature males. Vitellogenin (Vg) is the main precursor to egg yolk proteins (YPs) accumulated as nutrients for developing embryos of oviparous aquatic species. Recent gene cloning and immuno-biochemical analyses verified the presence of multiple Vgs in teleost fishes, similar to the case in chickens and Xenopus. These findings lead us to abandon the classical "single Vg model" and explore different functions of individual Vgs and their YP derivatives during teleost oocyte maturation and embryogenesis. The course of proteolysis of Vgs and their YP products appears to differ among species. Detailed characterization of the relevant proteolytic enzymes has been partly accomplished only for salmonid fishes. Investigations of the endocrine regulation of teleost Vg and YP proteolysis have only just begun. Over the past decade, much attention has been paid to Vg due to its promise as a biomarker of contaminants that mimic estrogen, which are present in the aquatic environment. Sensitive and specific assays for measuring Vg in male and juvenile fish have been and will be valuable tools for identifying environmental estrogens to which humans and wildlife are potentially exposed.
Describe the litmus milk reactions that may occur when proteins are metabolized as an energy source?
The inability of some microorganizms to obtain their energy by way of lactose fermentation means they must use other nutritional sources such as proteins for this purpose. By means of proteolytic enzymes, these organisms hydrolyze the milk proteins, primarily casein, into their basic building blocks, namely amino acids. this digestion of proteins is accompanied by the evolution of large quantities of ammonia, resulting in an alkaline pH in the medium. The litmus turns deep purple in the upper portion of the tube, while the medium begins to lose body and produces a translucent, brown, wheylike appearance as the protein is hydrolyzed to amino acids.
What enzymes are used in translation?
The enzyme aminoacyl tRNA synthetase binds the correct amino acid to the tRNA which is then carried to the ribosome.The ribosome is a cellular component that is composed of RNA and proteins. The RNA component is known as the rybozyme and performs a catalytic reaction. They rybozyme performs hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds and also catalyze the aminotransferase activity of the ribosome.
What is is it called when your body eats your muscle for energy?
muscle proteolysis
Are the digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas produced as inactive precursors or are they activated in the digestive tract by proteolysis?
BOTH!!!
What has the author Kate Louise Smith written?
Kate Louise Smith has written: 'Tumour associated proteolysis and protein metabolism'
What has the author Russell H Chittenden written?
Russell H. Chittenden has written: 'On digestive proteolysis' -- subject(s): Accessible book
Which chemical reactions would be needed to convert a polypeptide into small subunits?
Proteolysis is a chemical reaction that would be needed to convert a polypeptide into small sub-units. By definition, proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. The breakdown occurs through a process called hydrolysis in which the chemical bonds are separated by the addition of water.
What are the functions of protease?
Protease is an enzyme that works to break down proteins into their basic amino acids. Specifically, it is any enzyme that performs proteolysis.
What has the author Mara Schvarzstein written?
Mara Schvarzstein has written: 'The Caenorhabditis elegans sex-determining GLI protein TRA-1A is regulated by sex-specific proteolysis'
How an inactive protein can be converted into active protein?
An inactive protein can be converted into an active protein through the process of proteolysis. This process happens through the hydrolysis of the peptide bond, which is aided by cellular enzymes.
What has the author Phillipe M Hartl written?
Phillipe M. Hartl has written: 'Proteolysis of the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor during germination' -- subject(s): Morphology, Protease inhibitors, Seeds, Soybean
What is protase?
A protease (also termed peptides or protease's) is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain forming the protein.
What is H2N-PEG?
H2N-PEG is an amino polyethylene glycol polymer which adds inert mass to proteins or drug compounds, improves solubility and protects proteins from proteolysis. Please see the related links for more information.
What are Protein hydrolyzing enzymes known as?
Proteases or peptidases are the enzymes that catalyze the breakdown (hydrolysis) of proteins into shorter chains of peptides or into their constituent amino acids. Note the process of protein hydrolysis is called proteolysis.
