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An Access Modifier is a key word in java that determines what level of access or visibility a particular java variable/method or class has. There are 4 basic access modifiers in java. They are:

1. Public

2. Protected

3. Default and

4. Private

Private is the most restrictive access modifier whereas public is the least restrictive. Default is the access protection you get when you do not specifically mention an access modifier to be used for a java object.

Java programming does not run by just a single piece of class that has the whole functionality. You have hundreds of classes that interact with one another, passing data between them and returning output to the user of the system. So it is very important for members of one class to access members of another. Here members may refer to variables, methods and even classes. So, this is where the access modifiers come into picture. The modifier associated with every member of the class determines what level of visibility that member has.

Public Members:

If a variable or method is declared public, it means that it can be accessed by anyone or any other class (irrespective of which package they are in). Of course, it is mandatory that the class inside which the public method is placed is visible in the first place for the method or variable to be visible. You can check out the code example in the previous paragraph for an example. The method from Dad class is visible and available for usage inside the son class.

For a subclass, if a member of its superclass is declared public, the subclass inherits that member regardless of whether both classes are in the same package.

Ex:

package pack1;

public class Parent {

public String getName() {

return "Parent";

}

}

Package pack2;

Import pack1.Parent;

Public class Child extends Parent{

Public String getParentsName() {

return getName();

}

}

If you see the example above, the child class is able to access the parent class's method getName() even without instantiating an object of the parent because it inherits the Parent class and all its method as part of the inheritance (extends) feature.

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