autonomic
While pupillary size in principle is controlled both by the sympathetic and the parasympathic nervous system, the typical closure of the pupil after illumination (i.e. the pupillary light reflex) is mediated by the parasympathetic innervation of the constrictor muscle of the pupil.
Adjustment of the focal length of the lens of the eye, to accomodate the various light rays from various distances.
Pupillary response is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.In bright light or when looking at close objects, the parasympathetic nervous system will cause pupillary constriction by activating the sphincter pupillae muscle(s). The parasympathetic nerves that innervate the sphincter pupillae are the short ciliary nerves, which come from the ciliary ganglion in the orbit. Innervation of the ciliary ganglion is via parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers traveling with the occulomoter nerve from the edinger-westfall nucleus in the cranial midbrain.In low light, when looking at distant objects, or when stress levels are high (fight or flight) the sympathetic nervous system will cause pupillary dilation by activating the iris dilator muscle(s). The sympathetic nerves that innervate these muscles come from the superior cervical ganglion.
6 eye muscles are controlled by 3 cranial nerves lateral rectus-cn 6 medial rectus-cn 3 inferior oblique-cn 3 superior oblique-cn4 inferior rectus-cn 3 superior rectus-cn3 Eyelid: levator palpaebrae Pupils: pupillary sphincter pupillary dilator
Pupillary light reflex is autonomic.
The receptor is the retina of the eye; smooth muscle of the iris is the effector. They both change simultaneously because the pupillary light reflex is contralateral.
Contraction of the pupillary contrictor muscles.
pupillary light reflex is controlled by parasympathetic branch of Autonomous nervous system
Persistent pupillary membrane is a condition where parts of a fetal membrane stay attatched to the eye after birth. It can cause cataracts.
autonomic
The two are different because of what triggers the reflex. While the patella is triggered through the sense of touch, the pupillary is triggered through light.
Photopupillary reflex is pupillary constriction in response to light.
While pupillary size in principle is controlled both by the sympathetic and the parasympathic nervous system, the typical closure of the pupil after illumination (i.e. the pupillary light reflex) is mediated by the parasympathetic innervation of the constrictor muscle of the pupil.
The diagnostic exam should include measurement of visual acuity under both low and high illumination, biomicroscopy with pupillary dilation, stereoscopic fundus examination with pupillary dilation.
The average pupillary distance for women is 62mm and men 64mm
The division of autonomic nervous system responsible for pupillary light reflex is the parasympathetic system. This is what causes the pupils to close down or open up in response to lighting conditions.