RAID is redundant array of inexpensive disks.
You have a few disks that are connected and this gives you some advantages.
Very simply the levels that you need to know about are:
JBOD - Just a bunch of disks. If the RAID is 4 x 1.0 TB you see just that - 4 disks.
RAID 0 - Striping . All the disks are connected. in the above example, you see one large 4.0TB disk
RAID 1 - Mirroring. Every disk has mirror version. Half the disk can die and you loose nothing. In the above example you see a 2.0 TB disk.
RAID 5 - one parity disk. If one disk dies, you loose nothing. In the above example you would see a 3.0 TB disk.
RAID 6 - two parity disks. If two disks die, you loose nothing. A 8 disk system would have 6 disk of usable space.
Check out Wikipedia for a full explanation.
There were originally five different RAID levels. However, you can use a number of hard drives to create more raid levels, although this may affect performance.
Raid Levels are determined by MTTF/number. To determine the raid levels one should reference the standard raid levels and determine what raid level your data storage capacity needs.
The actual level used is not as important as what use the server is intended for. Different levels of RAID are used for different applications. They can include mirroring and striping.
RAID provides two main advantages: space and data security
RAID. There are different levels of RAID that have different features and can require even more than 2 drives to act as one drive.
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Every RAID level stripes data across multiple drives, which improves performance compared to using a single disk. RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 1+0, RAID 5, RAID 6, etc. all have better performance than a single disk. Other than RAID 0, all other RAID levels provide fault tolerance. RAID 1, RAID 1+0, RAID 5, RAID 6, etc. all have fault tolerance.
The answer depends on whether one is looking to configure RAID via hardware or software. Windows is capable under disk management to run RAID via software. The first step is to convert to a dynamic disk. Then the RAID levels supported, in parentheses are Striped, 2 disks (0) Mirrored, 2 disks (1) Striped with parity, which required 3 disks (5) being the three most popular. That said if RAID is being done at the hardware level, then the operating system is oblivious to the fact that it is being raided at all and simply reads what the RAID controller tells it to. In this scenario all RAID levels are suported. For a deeper discussion on raid levels the following site is excellent. http://www.acnc.com/04_01_00.html
raid 0
raid
RAID 7 is triple parity RAID 6 is double parity.
raid 5