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Assemblage of proteins (including primase, DNA polymerase, helicase, SSB proteins) that replicate the DNA. This complex involves in elongation of DNA and move along the complimentary strand.
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How is DNA made?
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material of all living organisms and many viruses. It carries the instructions for synthesis of RNA and proteins and controls synthesis of all molecules in an organism. RNA (ribonucleic acid) organizes protein synthesis. It is two strands held together by hydrogen bonds. DNA is synthesized by protein complex known as the replisome. There are several different proteins of the replisome which DNA polymerase bing the chief synthesis protein.
What is the role of the DNA replication?
Catalyzes the transcription of DNADNA polymerases exist as dimers associated with the other necessary proteins at the replication fork and this representation is identified as the replisome. The template for the lagging strand is temporarily looped through the replisome such that the DNA polymerases are moving along both strands in the 3'---->5' direction simultaneously for short distances, up to the distance of an Okazaki fragment.As the replication forks progresses along the template strands, the newly synthesized daughter strands and parental template strands reform a DNA double helix. Hence it is explicit that that only a small stretch of the template duplex is single-stranded at any given time.The progression of the replication fork requires that the DNA ahead of the fork be continuously unwound. Since the eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is attached to a protein scaffold the progressive movement of the replication fork thus intruding severe torsional stress into the duplex ahead of the fork
How does semi conservative replication happens?
1. Helicase unwinds the DNA strands. The replication fork opens up. 2. Single stranded binding proteins (SSB's) hold the 2 strands apart while replication takes place. 3. Primase synthesizes a RNA primer to which DNA polymerase III can bind. Primase + proteins = primosome. 4. DNA polymerase III synthesizes the new DNA strand in the 5'------>3' direction. (Remember, both strands act as templates) DNA poly III + proteins = replisome. 5. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments. (Fig. 11.12a) 6. As the Okazaki fragments are completed, DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA. 7. DNA ligase seals the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the lagging strand. 8. Replication stops when the replisome reaches the termination site (ter) on the DNA. 9. Daughter molecules are intwined (catenanes) - topoisomerases break the strands temporarily so they can separate.
What is the DNA polymerase role in DNA replication?
It checks the DNA for errors
What do DNA polymarase do in DNA?
DNA polymerase is responsible for the process of DNA replication, during which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied into two identical DNA molecules. Scientists have taken advantage of the power of DNA polymerase molecules to copy DNA molecules in test tubes via a polymerase chain reaction, also known as PCR. Creative Biogene
List the enzymes involved in replication and describe their function?
Topoisomerase is the enzyme that relieves tension to the DNA molecule by nicking and cutting certain placed on the phosphate backbone. Helicase is the next enzyme that is involved in "unzipping" the DNA to produce two single strands of DNA. RNA polymerase lays down the RNA primer DNA polymerase III uses the RNA primer to start laying down new nucleotides on the single strand of DNA. DNA polymerase I replaces the RNA primer with DNA DNA ligase creates joins the backbone of the newly formed DNA strands
How are DNA and RNA replicated?
During interphase.
