Shareware can be distributed without a license from the copyright holder. Works given Creative Commons licenses can also be shared, and in some cases even altered, without specific permission from the creator, depending on the type of license.
Yes he/she does retain the copyright. Just because something is given away doesn't mean that the author gives up his/her intellectual property rights.
No. Unlike trademarks, which must be defended, copyrights cannot be "lost". They can be transferred by being either sold or given away, however.
Copyright exists in a book (or any other artistic work, including a photograph) from the moment it is created by the author. The author can then hold onto, sell, rent, give away etc the copyright. How much money the author should be paid for the copyright is a matter for discussion between tht author and the publisher. Famous authors get paid a lot, maybe millions, an unknown author may be offered very little.
That mostly depends on the agreement between the artist and the author, I think. The artist will own the copyright over the artwork unless they give the actual copyright to the author, and vice versa. What you create is originally copyrighted to you automatically, and only you can decide whether to share or give away the copyright to it. So, yeah, it depends on the artist's and author's agreement.
The copyright for "Where the Sidewalk Ends" by Shel Silverstein belongs to the estate of the author, as he passed away in 1999. The book was published in 1974, so it is protected by copyright until 70 years after the author's death, which means it will likely be protected until at least 2069.
It is not possible to copyright a name right away, as in immediately. The current processing times for Copyright registration with the U.S. office is 2.5 months for e-filing, and 5.6 months for paper filing
It depends on the work & how/why it was created. The owner of a copyright may be one (or more) of several people/entities 1) The creator 2) In the case of work-for-hire the copyright may belong to the company/individual it was created for. 3) The assignee. Copyright like any property can be sold or given away. 4) The public. After a certain period of time or by designation a work will become "Public Domain" meaning that it can be used without restriction.
Yes, copyright can be transferred to beneficiaries after a writer's death through a will, trust, or other estate planning mechanisms. The writer can designate specific individuals or organizations as the beneficiaries of their copyright. Once the transfer of copyright ownership is established, the beneficiaries have the legal rights to control and profit from the copyrighted works.
No. Or, rather, it can be, but it doesn't have to be. "Public domain" means you're allowed to give it away if you want, or sell it if you can find someone willing to pay for it.
Violation of copyright is against the law; if material is copyrighted it means that someone owns that property, and might even be the one who spent time and money producing it. There is no reason to think that it should be given away to everyone for free just because some unscrupulous people make it available.
No. Strikes stay for at least six months.
No. Unlike trademarks which must be used and defended to remain in force, copyright is never "lost". The three primary ways that copyright can change hands are: it can pass into the public domain (generally 70 years after the death of the creator), be sold, or "given away".