The main medical use of alcohol is as an antiseptic and steriliser.
No. Alcohol does not sterilize, it does kill some bacteria but it takes time to do so.
Rubbing alcohol is 70% isopropyl alcohol, so you wouldn't use it since it contains some water. Use 99% isopropyl alcohol instead.
It is a written promise not to use alcohol (in some cases alcohol OR drugs) during and after the prom.
Use soap? And/or alcohol wash. Water's a good idea, unless you use the alcohol wash Which doesn't need water.
Yes, it is in some soaps like shampoo.
Coke does not use alcohol but they use caffeine that people mistake for alcohol. Caffeine is like alcohol though.
As a denomination, No. Most fundamental protestant denominations abstain from Alcohol. Some use it in Communion but most use grape juice.
Some use gasoline, some use alcohol, and the top fuel dragsters burn nitro methane.
Some treatment centers use test strips to test the alcohol for urine. Also, a breathalyzer test can be used as well to measure the amount of alcohol on the breath.
Some thermometers use mercury, in these the liquid is silvery. Some thermometers use a red dyed alcohol solutioin.
I am not aware of any particular slang used by doctors to describe alcohol. They just call it whatever type of alcohol it is - rubbing alcohol is isopropyl alcohol; you also have ethyl alcohol or ethanol, which is the sort of alcohol that people drink; and methanol, which is poisonous.
Denatured alcohol is considered a paint thinner and can also be used for cleaning shellac. Some people use denatured alcohol as a paint deglosser, but that is not recommended.