SQL in database is short for structured query language. There are four types of SQL statements which are as follows :
1) Data retrieval language
2) Data manipulation language
3) Data control language
4) Data definition language
Database Engine
In general, SQL "statements" have a Select "clause," a From "clause," and a Where "clause."
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Although static SQL works well in many situations, there is a class of applications in which the data access cannot be determined in advance. For example, suppose a spreadsheet allows a user to enter a query, which the spreadsheet then sends to the DBMS to retrieve data. The contents of this query obviously cannot be known to the programmer when the spreadsheet program is written. To solve this problem, the spreadsheet uses a form of embedded SQL called dynamic SQL. Unlike static SQL statements, which are hard-coded in the program, dynamic SQL statements can be built at run time and placed in a string host variable. They are then sent to the DBMS for processing. Because the DBMS must generate an access plan at run time for dynamic SQL statements, dynamic SQL is generally slower than static SQL. When a program containing dynamic SQL statements is compiled, the dynamic SQL statements are not stripped from the program, as in static SQL. Instead, they are replaced by a function call that passes the statement to the DBMS; static SQL statements in the same program are treated normally.
DDL Statments
Embedded SQL is a method of combining the computing power of a programming language and the database manipulation capabilities of SQL. Embedded SQL statements are SQL statements written inline with the program source code of the host language. The embedded SQL statements are parsed by an embedded SQL preprocessor and replaced by host-language calls to a code library. The output from the preprocessor is then compiled by the host compiler. This allows programmers to embed SQL statements in programs written in any number of languages such as: C/C++, COBOL and Fortran.The ANSI SQL standards committee defined the embedded SQL standard in two steps: a formalism called Module Languagewas defined, then the embedded SQL standard was derived from Module Language.[1] The SQL standard defines embedding of SQL as embedded SQL and the language in which SQL queries are embedded is referred to as the host language. A popular host language is C. The mixed C and embedded SQL is called Pro*C in Oracle and Sybase database management systems. In the PostgreSQL database management system this precompiler is called ECPG. Other embedded SQL precompilers are Pro*Ada, Pro*COBOL, Pro*FORTRAN, Pro*Pascal, and Pro*PL/I.
In SQL, the function of the union operator is to combine the result of two or more select-statements. The union operator is a very useful tool when coding SQL.
Structured Query Lanaguage(SQL) is a command language to communicate with oracle server.whereas SQL*PLUS is an oracle tool that recognises and submits sql statements to the oracle server for execution.
The following are some uses and functions of Coalesce SQL; returns the first non-Null expression among the arguments, Coalesce to pivot, and to execute multiple SQL statements.
Structured Query Language, abbreviated as SQL, is a programming language. It is designed to manage data stored in relational databases. Various commands or operations like Select, Group by, Insert, Modify, etc, are implemented using SQL to fetch, retrieve or add data to the database. It can be used in correlation with other programming languages like Python or Java, to build applications. Any tool or application can communicate with the Oracle server using the command language SQL. Oracle SQL has numerous extensions. A SQL statement that you enter is saved in memory's "SQL buffer" and stays there until you write another SQL statement. An Oracle tool called SQLPlus identifies and sends SQL statements to the Oracle9i Server for execution. It has a built-in command language. It is a client program allowing users to enter SQL and PL/SQL commands and execute them. SQLPlus comes with the Oracle installation. It is commonly used to develop and run SQL and PL/SQL statements, scripts, and reports. SQL SQLPLus is a language used to access data from the Oracle server by talking with it. Recognizes SQL statements and sends them to the server Is based on American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-standard SQL Is Oracle's interface for running SQL statements proprietary? manipulates the database's data and table definitions. does not permit changing of database values employs a termination character to carry out directives right away. does not need termination characters and immediately carries out commands. Uses functions to perform some formatting Uses commands to format data
There are many kinds of statements that are used in Java and they are predominantly used for database connectivity using JDBCEx:PreparedStatement - for normal SQL QueriesCallableStatement - for stored procedures
SQL stands for Structured Query Language, and is a computer language designed for writing data manipulation or data management statements against a relational database. PL/SQL stands for Procedural Language/Structured Query Language which is Oracle's proprietary procedural extensions to the SQL language.