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What is the difference between sub agent and substituted agent?
SUB AGENT.--------------Section 191 of Indian Contract Act 1872 defines that "a sub-agent is a person employed by, and acting under the control of, the original agent in the business of the Agency." A sub-agent may be a properly appointed one or an improperly appointed one. Where an agent, having authority to do so, appoints a sub-agent, he is known as a sub-agent properly appointed (sec. 192.) Where an agent without authority appoints a sub-agent, he is called a sub-agent improperly appointed. ( sec. 193.)When a sub-agent is properly appointed, he can represent the principal as regards to third parties. There is no privity of contract between the sub-agent and the principal. The agent would be responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent. In case of a fraud or willful wrong, the sub-agent is also directly responsible to the principal.When the sub-agent is improperly appointed, the principal is not bound by the acts of the sub-agent. The agent would be responsible to the principal and third parties.SUBSTITUTED AGENT--------------------------A "Co-agent" or a "substituted Agent" is a person who is appointed by the agent to act for the principal in the business of agency with the consent of the principal.Section 194 enacts, "where an agent holding an express or implied authority to name another person to act for the principal, names another person accordingly, he is not a sub-agent, but a substituted agent for the principal"
What is the difference between sub-agent and co-agent?
Section 191 of Indian Contract Act 1872 defines that "a sub-agent is a person employed by, and acting under the control of, the original agent in the business of the Agency." A sub-agent may be a properly appointed one or an improperly appointed one. Where an agent, having authority to do so, appoints a sub-agent, he is known as a sub-agent properly appointed (sec. 192.) Where an agent without authority appoints a sub-agent, he is called a sub-agent improperly appointed. ( sec. 193.)When a sub-agent is properly appointed, he can represent the principal as regards to third parties. There is no privity of contract between the sub-agent and the principal. The agent would be responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent. In case of a fraud or willful wrong, the sub-agent is also directly responsible to the principal.When the sub-agent is improperly appointed, the principal is not bound by the acts of the sub-agent. The agent would be responsible to the principal and third parties.A "Co-agent" or a "substituted Agent" is a person who is appointed by the agent to act for the principal in the business of agency with the consent of the principal.Section 194 enacts, "where an agent holding an express or implied authority to name another person to act for the principal, names another person accordingly, he is not a sub-agent, but a substituted agent for the principal"
What is a substituted agent?
Sub-agent and substituted agent: The general rule is that an agent cannot delegate his authority and appoint another agent. (Delegatus non potest delegare). An agent being delegate cannot transfer his authority or duties to another. As per Section 190, an agent cannot lawfully employ another to perform acts which he has expressly or impliedly undertaken to perform personally unless by the ordinary custom of trade a sub-agent may or from the nature of the agency, the agent must be appointed. According to Section 191, a "sub-agent" is a person employed by and acting under the control of the original agent in the business of agency. The relation of the sub-agent and the original agent is as between themselves that of the agent and the principal. Where a sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal is so far as regards third parties represented by the sub-agent and is bound by and responsible for acts as if he were an agent originally appointed by the principal. The agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent. The sub-agent is responsible for his acts to the agent, but not to the principal except in case of fraud or wilful wrong. (Section192) There is no privity of contract between the sub-agent and the principal and, hence, sub-agent is not directly responsible to the principal except in cases of fraud or wilful wrong. If the sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal is liable to third parties for the acts of the sub-agent. If the sub-agent is appointed without proper authority, the principal is not represented by or responsible for the acts of the sub-agent and sub-agent is not responsible to the principal. As between the agent and the sub-agent, the relationship is that of the principal and agent and the agent is responsible for the acts of such sub-agent and both to the principal and to third parties (Section 193). Substituted agent: Where an agent holding an express or implied authority to name another person to act for the principal in the business of the agency has named another person accordingly, such person is not a sub-agent, but an agent of the principal for such part of the business of agency as is entrusted to him. (Section194). Where the agent has authority to appoint an agent and the person so appointed is in the nature of a substitute for the original agent, the contract arises between the principal and the substitute and the substituted agent becomes responsible to the principal for the due discharge of the duties as if he is appointed by the principal himself. According to Section 195, in selecting substituted agent for his principal an agent is bound to exercise the same amount of discretion as a man of ordinary prudence would exercise in his own case; and if he does so, he is not responsible to the principal for acts or negligence of the substituted agent so selected. Sub-agent and substituted agent: The general rule is that an agent cannot delegate his authority and appoint another agent. (Delegatus non potest delegare). An agent being delegate cannot transfer his authority or duties to another. As per Section 190, an agent cannot lawfully employ another to perform acts which he has expressly or impliedly undertaken to perform personally unless by the ordinary custom of trade a sub-agent may or from the nature of the agency, the agent must be appointed. According to Section 191, a "sub-agent" is a person employed by and acting under the control of the original agent in the business of agency. The relation of the sub-agent and the original agent is as between themselves that of the agent and the principal. Where a sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal is so far as regards third parties represented by the sub-agent and is bound by and responsible for acts as if he were an agent originally appointed by the principal. The agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent. The sub-agent is responsible for his acts to the agent, but not to the principal except in case of fraud or wilful wrong. (Section192) There is no privity of contract between the sub-agent and the principal and, hence, sub-agent is not directly responsible to the principal except in cases of fraud or wilful wrong. If the sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal is liable to third parties for the acts of the sub-agent. If the sub-agent is appointed without proper authority, the principal is not represented by or responsible for the acts of the sub-agent and sub-agent is not responsible to the principal. As between the agent and the sub-agent, the relationship is that of the principal and agent and the agent is responsible for the acts of such sub-agent and both to the principal and to third parties (Section 193). Substituted agent: Where an agent holding an express or implied authority to name another person to act for the principal in the business of the agency has named another person accordingly, such person is not a sub-agent, but an agent of the principal for such part of the business of agency as is entrusted to him. (Section194). Where the agent has authority to appoint an agent and the person so appointed is in the nature of a substitute for the original agent, the contract arises between the principal and the substitute and the substituted agent becomes responsible to the principal for the due discharge of the duties as if he is appointed by the principal himself. According to Section 195, in selecting substituted agent for his principal an agent is bound to exercise the same amount of discretion as a man of ordinary prudence would exercise in his own case; and if he does so, he is not responsible to the principal for acts or negligence of the substituted agent so selected.
IS A substituted agent is as good an agent of the agent as a sub-agent?
A substituted agent is as good an agent of the agent as a sub agent is incorrect statement. The general rule is that an agent can't delegate his authority and appoint another agent. An agent being delegates cannot transfer in authority or duties to another ; as per sec 19 an agent can't lawfully employ another to perform acts which he has express implied by undertake to perform personally unless by the ordinary custom of trade a sub agent may of form the nature of agency the agent must be appointed section 191, a "sub agent" is a person employed by an acting under the control of the original agent in the business of agency .
What is required to propagate dhcp messages between routed sub-nets?
DHCP relay agent
Delegatus non-protest delegare?
The Latin phrase above translates as "a delegate is not allowed to delegate", i.e., an agent cannot delegate his own responsibilities or obligations as an agent to a sub-agent without the permission or knowledge of the principal of whom he/she is the agent. Monika Verma. Dhanbad(India).
What are different kind of agencies and classification of agents in business law?
Agents are classified in various ways according to the point of view adopted. From the viewpoint of the authority they have, they can be classified as special agents, general agents and universal agents. They are classified as mercantile or commercial agents and non-mercantile or noncommercial agents. There are different various types of kind agents are as follows.(a.)Sub-Agent:Sub-agency denotes delegation of power by an agent to a person appointed by him as sub-agent. Incidentally the agent himself is delegate of his principal. The principal is that 'a delegate cannot delegate'. According to this, a person to whom powers have been delegate cannot delegate them to another. Section 190 of the Act. Contains this principle. Generally, an agent cannot lawfully employ another to perform acts, which he has expressly. But, if by the ordinary custom of trade, a sub-agent may be employed, the agent may to do so.A sub-agent, according to section 191, is a person whom the original agent employs in the business of the agency and who under the control of the original agent. Thus the relation of the sub-agent to the original agent is, as between themselves, that of the agent and the principal.We shall now discuss the Impact of the appointment of a sub-agent from the following two angles:-(i.)In case of proper appointment: The agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent. Thus, a commission agent for the sale of goods who makes a proper employment of a sub-agent for selling his principal's goods is liable to the principal for the fraudulent disposition of the goods by sub-agent within the course of his employment.(ii.)In the case of appointment without authority: In term of Section 193, the principal is not bound by the acts of the sub-agent, nor is the sub-agent liable to the principal. The agent is the principal of the sub-agent both to the principal and the third party.(b.) Substituted Agent:Substituted agents are different from sub-agents. Section 194 provides that substituted agents are not sub-agents but are in fact agents of the principal. Suppose an agent has an implied authority to name another person to act for the principal in the business of the agency, and he has named another person accordingly. In the circumstances, such a named person is not a sub-agent he is an agent of the principal for such part of the business of the agency as has been entrusted to him.For Example: A directs B who is a solicitor to sell his estate by auction and to employ an auctioneer for the purpose. B names C, an auctioneer, to conduct the sale. In such a situation, C is not sub-agent, but is A's agent for the sale.(c.) Special Agents:A special agent is also known as a specific or particular agent. Such agent appointed to perform a particular work or to represents his principal in particular transaction only. As soon as the said period lapses, the agency stands terminated. Specific agents have a limited authority and as soon as the entrusted to him is performed, his authority also comes to an end. A special agent cannot bind his principal in any act other than for which he is specially appointed. If he dose anything outside his authority, his principal cannot be bound by it. The third parties that deal with a special agent must ascertain the extent of the authority he has.(d.) General agents: This type of agents has a general authority to do everything in the course of his agency and he has to perform all the acts in the interest of his principal. Thus, a general agent is one that ahs authority to do all acts connected with the business of his principal. A manager of a branch shop of a firm or a commission agent is instances of general agents. General agents have an implied authority to bind his principal by doing various acts necessary for carrying on the business of his principal. Sufficiently wide powers are vested in him to affect the business deals, enter into trade bargains, to make purchases and also payments of the purchases, to receive money on behalf of his principal.(e.) Universal Agent: A universal agent has a universal or an unlimited power to act on behalf of his principal. A universal agent is one whose authority is unlimited and who can do any act on behalf of his principal provide such act is legal and is agreeable to the law of land. A universal agent is practically substituted for his principal for all those transactions wherein his principal cannot participate.For Example: When a person leaves his country for a long time, he may appoint his son, wife or friend as his universal agent to act on his behalf in his absence.(f.) Co-Agents:When a principal appoints two or more persons a agents jointly or severally, such agents are known as co-agents. Their authority is joint when nothing is mentioned about the exercise of their authority. It implies that all co-agents concur in the exercise of their authority unless their authority is fixed. But when their authority is several, any one of the co-agents can act without the concurrence of other.(f.) Auctioneers: An auctioneers is a mercantile agent who is appointed to sell goods on behalf of the principal i.e., seller and for this function, an auctioneer get a reward in the form of a commission. An auctioneer conducts auction on behalf of a seller, as he is primarily the agent of the seller. However, after the sale, he also becomes of the purchaser who gives the highest bid. An auctioneer has no authority to self-the goods of his principal by private contract or contracts.Besides the above mentioned agents, there are other types of agents also such as brokers, bankers, clearing agents, forwarding agents, underwriter, estate agents, etc. They also play an important role and perform various functions for and on behalf of their principals.
Why is nitrogen is used as a cooling agent?
Nitrogen is used as a cooling agent in its liquid state due to its low temperature and efficient heat transfer. It is capable of keeping components at sub zero temperatures even under load.
What are the words that have the prefix sub?
1. sub2. sub'haanallah3. sub+domain4. sub+genius5. sub+notebook6. sub+woofer7. sub-a flotation cells8. sub-abdominal thrusts9. sub-additive10. sub-adult11. sub-aerial processes12. sub-agent13. sub-alpine14. sub-alpine meadow15. sub-antarctic16. sub-antarctic fur seal17. sub-antarctic islands18. sub-apical19. sub-apical consonant20. sub-aqua21. sub-aqua ice hockey22. sub-aquatic warfare23. sub-arachnoid haemorrhage24. sub-arachnoidal25. sub-arctic26. sub-assemblies27. sub-assembly28. sub-atlantic29. sub-atomic30. sub-atomic particle31. sub-atomic particles32. sub-balkan valleys33. sub-band+coding34. sub-band coder35. sub-band coding36. sub-base37. sub-basement38. sub-basis39. sub-bass40. sub-bass flute41. sub-beadle42. sub-bidder43. sub-bimodule44. sub-bituminous45. sub-bituminous coal46. sub-boreal47. sub-boss48. sub-brigadier49. sub-brown dwarf50. sub-brown dwarfs51. sub-caliber round 52. sub-carpathian rus53. sub-carrier54. sub-categories55. sub-category56. sub-celestial57. sub-central58. sub-chanter59. sub-chapter m60. sub-chapter s corporation61. sub-chelate62. sub-chronic toxicity63. sub-cinctorium64. sub-clan65. sub-clans66. sub-clause67. sub-clinical68. sub-cloning69. sub-collection center70. sub-committee71. sub-compact72. sub-compact car73. sub-compact cars74. sub-compacts75. sub-con76. sub-conscious77. sub-constellation78. sub-continent79. sub-continental ballistic missile80. sub-contrabass clarinet81. sub-contrabass clarinets82. sub-contracted83. sub-contractor84. sub-contrary85. sub-creation86. sub-culture87. sub-cultures88. sub-d89. sub-deacon90. sub-deacons91. sub-dioecious92. sub-discipline93. sub-district94. sub-districts of botswana95. sub-districts of indonesia96. sub-districts of the u.s. virgin islands97. sub-division98. sub-divisional inspector99. sub-divisional magistrate100. sub-domain
Is phospherous oxide covalent or ionic?
P<sub>2O</sub><sub>5</sub> and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are both covalent.
How do you calculate distance based on aceleration?
v<sub>f</sub><sup>2</sup> - v<sub>i</sub><sup>2</sup> = 2a (x<sub>f</sub> - x<sub>i</sub)
Do you know the title or author for a book about a town's water supply that is deliberately contaminated with a mind control agent?
This was an illusory and dangerous sub-plot in (Dr. Strangelove) the cold war nightmare drama.
