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How do you draw timing diagram of jnz in 8085?
If this is a homework assignment, you really should consider doing it yourself The MVI instruction in the 8085 microprocessor contains 7 or 10 T-Cycles, each one clock cycle, not including wait states. Each cycle starts on the falling edge of CLK. <> <> <> T1a - ALE goes high for one half clock. During this time, S0, S1, IO/M-, A15-A8, and AD7-AD0 become valid, and are guaranteed valid at the falling edge of ALE. (AD7-AD0 represent A7-A0, and must be strobed by external hardware.) A15-A0 will be the address of the MVI instruction. Somewhat after ALE, AD7-AD0 will float. T2a - RD- goes low for one clock cycle. While RD- is low, the external hardware has permission to drive AD7-AD0. It must supply the opcode for MVI. READY is sampled at the beginning of T2 - If it is low, T2 will be repeated, until READY is sampled high. T3a - RD- remains low for one more half clock cycle. The external hardware must guarantee AD7-AD0 valid by the beginning of T3a. The 8085 samples AD7-AD0 at the beginning of T3a. This will give it the MVI opcode. T4a - Nothing happens externally. All lines persist their prior state. The 8085 processes the MVI opcode and sets itself up for the required actions. <> <> <> T1b - This is the same timing as T1a, except that the address is one greater. T2b - This is the same timing as T2a. During this time, the external hardware must drive the immediate value of the MVI instruction onto AD7-AD0. T3b - This is the same timing as T3a. At the conclusion of T3b the 8085 knows the value to store in the destination. If the destination was an internal register, the instruction is complete. If the destination was M, the cycles continue. <> <> <> T1c - This is the same timing as T1a, except that the address is the contents of the HL register, H sent on A15-A8, and L sent on AD7-AD0. T2c - This is the same timing as T1a, except that WR- is used instead of RD-, and the AD7-AD0 lines do not float - they emit the immediate value retrieved in T3b. The AD7-AD0 line will change sometime between ALE and WR-. T3c - This is the same timing as T3a, except that WR- goes high at the beginning instead of at the halfway point. The external hardware is expected to save the AD7-AD0 lines into the address specified during T1c on the rising edge of WR-. The 8085 will persist the AD7-AD0 lines for one half clock cycle to guarantee the AD7-AD0 lines.
What is the Survival rate of stage 3 peritoneal cancer after surgery?
When it comes to cancer, it is important to know that the prognosis is dependant on many factors, such as the age of the patient, the overall health of the patient, the type of cancer, and how far the cancer has spread.When it comes to ovarian cancer, it is important to keep this in mind:Staging is very important because ovarian cancers have a different prognosis at different stages and are treated differently. The accuracy of the staging may determine whether or not a patient will be cured. If the cancer is not properly staged, then cancer that has spread outside the ovary may be missed and not treated. Once a stage has been given it does not change, even when the cancer comes back or spreads to new locations in the body.Stage IThe cancer is still contained within the ovary (or ovaries).Stage IA (T1a, N0, M0): Cancer has developed in one ovary, and the tumor is confined to the inside of the ovary. There is no cancer on the outer surface of the ovary. Laboratory examination of washings from the abdomen and pelvis did not find any cancer cells.Stage IB (T1b, N0, M0): Cancer has developed within both ovaries without any tumor on their outer surfaces. Laboratory examination of washings from the abdomen and pelvis did not find any cancer cells.Stage IC (T1c, N0, M0): The cancer is present in one or both ovaries and one or more of the following are present:Cancer is on the outer surface of at least one of the ovaries.In the case of cystic tumors (fluid-filled tumors), the capsule (outer wall of the tumor) has ruptured (burst)Laboratory examination found cancer cells in fluid or washings from the abdomen.Stage IIThe cancer is in one or both ovaries and has involved other organs (such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, bladder, the sigmoid colon, or the rectum) within the pelvis.Stage IIA (T2a, N0, M0): The cancer has spread to or has actually invaded (grown into) the uterus or the fallopian tubes, or both. Laboratory examination of washings from the abdomen did not find any cancer cells.Stage IIB (T2b, N0, M0): The cancer has spread to other nearby pelvic organs such as the bladder, the sigmoid colon, or the rectum. Laboratory examination of fluid from the abdomen did not find any cancer cells.Stage IIC (T2c, N0, M0): The cancer has spread to pelvic organs as in stages IIA or IIB and laboratory examination of the washings from the abdomen found evidence of cancer cells.Stage IIIThe cancer involves one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following are present: (1) cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen; (2) cancer has spread to lymph nodes.Stage IIIA (T3a, N0, M0): During the staging operation, the surgeon can see cancer involving the ovary or ovaries, but no cancer is grossly visible (can be seen without using a microscope) in the abdomen and the cancer has not spread to lymph nodes. However, when biopsies are checked under a microscope, tiny deposits of cancer are found in the lining of the upper abdomen.Stage IIIB (T3b, N0, M0): There is cancer in one or both ovaries, and deposits of cancer large enough for the surgeon to see, but smaller than 2 cm (about 3/4 inch) across, are present in the abdomen. Cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes.Stage IIIC: The cancer is in one or both ovaries, and one or both of the following are present: Cancer has spread to lymph nodes (any T, N1, M0)Deposits of cancer larger than 2 cm (about 3/4 inch) across are seen in the abdomen (T3c, N0, M0).Stage IV (any T, any N, M1):This is the most advanced stage of ovarian cancer. In this stage the cancer has spread to the inside of the liver, the lungs, or other organs located outside of the peritoneal cavity. (The peritoneal cavity, or abdominal cavity is the area enclosed by the peritoneum, a. membrane that lines the inner abdomen and covers most of its organs.). Finding ovarian cancer cells in the fluid around the lungs (called pleural fluid) is also evidence of stage IV disease.Recurrent ovarian cancer: This means that the disease went away with treatment but then came back (recurred).Survival by stageThe numbers below are based on patients diagnosed from 1988 to 2001. These numbers come from the National Cancer Institute, SEER Data Base.Invasive epithelial ovarian cancerStage Relative 5-Year Survival Rate I 89% IA 94% IB 91% IC 80% II 66% IIA 76% IIB 67% IIC 57% III 34% IIIA 45% IIIB 39% IIIC 35% IV 18%
