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The US Congress is made up of two "houses", the House of Representatives and the Senate. The house of representatives is often called the lower house because it is closer to the people with 435 members elected from Congressional districts which are designed to have more less equal population. The districts never cross state lines and every state has at least one district, so equal populations are not always possible.

The US Senate is called the upper house since at one time the senators were chosen by the state legislatures and not be direct election. Every state has exactly two senators regardless of the size or population of the state.

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