Substrate-level phosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
36 ATP is made from fermintaion .
During lactic acid fermentation, 2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule metabolized. This process does not require oxygen and is commonly used by muscle cells during strenuous exercise to generate energy quickly.
The organism uses the process of alcohol fermentation to produce most of its ATP molecules.
ATP
2
Fermentation does not produce ATP molecules during cellular respiration. Instead, fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue. This process does not directly generate ATP.
During fermentation in yeast, in addition to ATP, two waste compounds produced are ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide. These byproducts are produced as a result of the anaerobic breakdown of sugar.
A cell can generate ATP through either aerobic respiration or fermentation. During aerobic respiration, NADH is generated and then recycled back to NAD+ through the electron transport chain. In fermentation, NADH is also recycled back to NAD+ through other pathways like lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation.
During fermentation, a small amount of ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. This process involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. However, compared to aerobic respiration, fermentation produces much less ATP overall.
A cell can use fermentation to generate a small amount of ATP while also recycling NAD+. In fermentation, glucose is partially oxidized to produce ATP and organic molecules like lactic acid or ethanol. The NADH that is generated during glycolysis is then oxidized back to NAD+ to sustain glycolysis and continue ATP production.
During recovery, when oxygen becomes available, NAD+ attaches to hydrogen from lactate to form ATP. In yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate-level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen.
muscle cells produce ATP by cellular respiration through fermentation