Aversive stimuli create readines to aggress
The Cognitive Neoassociationistic Theory posits that negative emotions and thoughts can activate specific memory networks, leading to a cascade of negative thoughts and emotions. This theory suggests that our emotional and cognitive responses are interlinked and influence each other, contributing to patterns of behavior. It emphasizes the role of cognitive and emotional processes in shaping our reactions to stimuli and experiences.
The learning theory has evolved from different schools of thought over time, including behaviorism, cognitive psychology, and social learning theory. It incorporates ideas from these various perspectives to develop a comprehensive understanding of how learning occurs.
Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of psychology focuses on how our thoughts and interpretations of situations influence our emotions and behaviors. Beck believed that negative thinking patterns can lead to psychological disorders like depression and anxiety, and that by identifying and changing these thoughts, individuals can improve their mental health. The theory is the foundation of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a widely used therapeutic approach.
The major theories of motivation include instinct theory, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, incentive theory, and cognitive appraisal theory. Instinct theory suggests that behavior is driven by innate biological instincts, while drive reduction theory focuses on the role of internal drives like hunger or thirst. Arousal theory posits that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, while incentive theory suggests that external rewards drive behavior. Cognitive appraisal theory emphasizes the role of individual perceptions and interpretations in shaping motivation.
Criticism of Piaget's theory includes the argument that his stages of cognitive development may not apply universally across all cultures and that his theory underestimates the role of social and cultural factors in shaping development. Additionally, some researchers suggest that his stages are not as discrete as he proposed, but rather there is more overlap and variability in children's cognitive abilities.
The sociocultural theory was developed by Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. The theory emphasizes the role of social interaction and cultural context in shaping cognitive development.
who descoverd cognitive
Cognitive is in your mind! Conditional is stuff to do with behavior
American psychologists Albert Bandura and Walter Mischel are the main architects of social cognitive theory's contemporary version, which was originally labeled cognitive social learning theory by Mischel.
Social cognitive theory suggests that individuals acquire knowledge from their surroundings by observing behavior patterns and interacting with other individuals, or experience.
Schachter-Singer theory
Lazarus's cognitive-mediation theory focuses on how cognitive appraisals of a situation mediate the emotional response. It suggests that when individuals appraise a situation as having personal relevance or as a threat, they experience emotional arousal. On the other hand, the Schachter-Singer cognitive arousal theory proposes that emotional experiences arise from the interpretation of physiological arousal, which is then given meaning through cognitive labeling. Thus, while Lazarus's theory emphasizes cognitive appraisals, the Schachter-Singer theory emphasizes the interpretation of physiological arousal.
Jean Piaget developed a theory of cognitive development and is primarily know as the developmental stage theory.
Cognitive Theory is a theory of Psychology which defines human behavior by understanding thought processes. It assumes that human beings make choices which sense to them the most. Cognitive Theory describes mental process as "Information Processing" thereby comparing the human mind to a computer.
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Observational Learning
Cognitive Theory.
The Schacter-Singer Theory of Emotion is also known as the Two-factor theory of emotion. It states that emotion is a function of both cognitive factors and physiological arousal.