free electrons drift away from atom's outermost shell because of loose force of attraction. but thermions are forced out of atom by heat energy. free electrons are responsible for flow of electricity whereas thermions are responsible for thermionic emission.
electrons*
Electrons have a negative charge and protons have a positive charge.
One has gained electrons and the other has lost electrons
Thermion valves are a type of vacuum tube that utilize thermionic emission to control electronic signals. They consist of a heated cathode that emits electrons when energized, allowing for the amplification or switching of electrical signals. Commonly used in audio equipment and radio transmitters, thermion valves are known for their distinct sound quality and warmth compared to modern solid-state devices. Despite being largely replaced by transistors, they remain popular among audiophiles and musicians for their unique characteristics.
Whether electrons are shared or transferred between two atoms is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms. If the electronegativity difference is small, electrons are shared covalently, while if the difference is large, electrons are transferred to form an ionic bond.
The driving force for the flow of electrons in batteries is the potential difference, or voltage, created between the positive and negative terminals. This potential difference causes the electrons to move from the negative terminal (anode) to the positive terminal (cathode), creating an electric current.
Pottential Difference between two things.
potential difference between electrodes
potential difference between electrodes
The type of bond that forms between atoms or compounds is determined by the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved in the bond. If the electronegativity difference is small, a covalent bond forms, where electrons are shared. If the electronegativity difference is large, an ionic bond forms, where electrons are transferred.
Electrons can only absorb photons that have energy equal to the energy difference between two allowed energy levels in the atom or molecule.
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.