Monday 27 October 1952
1962 c.E
8 Shawwal 1378
The term "synchronize" is unclear. The Islamic Calendar has a year of only 354 days, so it can never be the same length as a solar year (usually calculated with the Gregorian Calendar with an average of years length of 365.24 days). However, the date on the Islamic Calendar and on the Gregorian Calendar will correlate every 34 Islamic Calendar Years which correspond to 33 Gregorian Calendar Years.
Muslims fast during the Islamic month of Ramadan. The Islamic Calender is seperate to the Gregorian calender and is based on moon sightings. The start of Ramadan goes back around 11 days each Gregorian year, so the date according to the Gregorian calender changes. For example, 1st of Ramadan 2012 was 20 July. But the 1st of Ramadan 2011 was 1st August.
The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar. Because the Islamic calendar is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year, the Gregorian date of Hajj changes each year.
Nothing. There is nothing that happens at 12 midnight. However, there is one thing that does not happen. This is the change of date. Unlike the Gregorian calendar where the day ends at 12 midnight, the day in Islamic calendar changes at sunset.
Here is the link to convert any date from the Gregorian to the Islamic calendar, and vice versa: http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php?mode=ger-hij&day=15&month=4&year=1958&date_result=1
America, both north and south, use the Gregorian calendar as a general rule. There are groups which may use other calendars for certain religious ceremonies but the date most would adhere to is the Gregorian date.
18 Rajab 1342
19 September 1979
If that is a Gregorian date, it's a Sunday. However, the Gregorian calendar did not yet exist in 1491, so it might be a Julian date, which would make it a Tuesday.
Depends on where you are. Depends on the sighting of the moon. In the USA, 6th January is 9th moharram.
In the Gregorian calendar, December 31st