Methanol.
The suffix -ol is used in alcohols according to IUPAC nomenclature.
2-methyl, 2-propanol
Butan-1-ol, which is a primary alcohol, will be oxidised to butanoic acid. Butan-2-ol, which is a secondary alcohol, will be oxidised to butanone.
IUPAC nomenclature: Isobutyl methyl ether : 1-methoxy-2-methylpropane Methyl tert-butyl ether : 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane Resorcinol : 1,3-dihydroxybenzene Catechol : 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Isobutyl alcohol : 2-methyl-1-propanol or 2-methylpropan-1-ol Even more at http://www.scribd.com/doc/14024052/IUPAC-Nomenclature-Exercises-in-Organic-Chemistry prepared by aditya vardhan, the world famous chemist.
The IUPAC name for tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
'Ethyl Alcohol' is the old/archaic name for 'Ethanol'. Under the IUPAC Nomenclature its name is Ethanol'. This is the alcohol that is consumed by humans in beers wines and spirits.
Ethenol
It depends how many carbons. CH3OH is an example of an alcohol. Its name is METHan-ol CH3CH2OH is another type of alcohol. This is actually the alcohol we drink. Its IUPAC name is ETHan-ol
Ethanol (this is the official name after the IUPAC rules), ethyl alcohol, ethylic alcohol; the chemical formula is C2H5OH.
5-chlorocyclohex-3-en-1-ol
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is the simplest aldehyde. It is also known as methanal (NOT methanol) or paraform.
The suffix -ol is used in alcohols according to IUPAC nomenclature.
Isopropyl butyrate (or isopropyl butanoate under IUPAC).
Chloroform , formula is 'CCl3H'. It is dissolved in a spirit, such as an alcohol. It modern IUPAC name is 'Tri-chloromethane'.
Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol. Its IUPAC name is (trans)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol.
2-methyl, 2-propanol
It is named Carbon Dioxide because of its chemical structure, CO2. It has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms in each molecule. Its name is a result of the IUPAC naming convention. The question should perhaps be who invented the IUPAC nomenclature.