It's often called a "sajadah" which means "a place for prostration in prayer"
It is the second pilar of the Islam five pillars and is called 'salat' or praying in English
salat, eman ,zakka, fasting,and hajj is the way of islam.
For salat yes.
Salat is the prayer in Islam. It is done by a certain amount of movements. alislam.org
Salat or prayer that is to be performed 5 times a day
Kalima, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj
It is the announcement for praying (Salat) that the time is due.
praying (or salah or salat or namaz)
Salaty is the daily payer that every Muslim is required to pray five times a day. Salat is important because it binds the muslms to mosque which is the central for learning Islam. Also, the salat inculcates in the people a sense of their duty towards Allah which is a concept central to Islam.
Jews don't pray on mats. (With the exception of the blessing of the Kohanim, during which the Kohanim stand on a mat.) The religion which commonly prays on mats is Islam.
The formal five-times-daily prayer is called "salat." Although a person may offer salat alone, it is preferred to offer salat in congregations. The bigger the congregation, the greater the reward for the prayer. When salat is offered in congregation, the person who leads the prayer is called the "imam." The imam may be a professional hired by a congregation, or may be an ordinary Muslim. The imam should be the oldest person in the congregation, or the one who is most knowledgeable about Islam and the Holy Qur'an.
It is called Salah or Salat الصلاة. It is the second pillar of Islam five pillars. Refer to question below. The actual prostration or "bowing" is called Harakat (حركات).