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Papayas likely originated along the Caribbean coast of Central America. They were probably widely cultivated by Indians in Mexico and Central America prior to 1492.

Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (August 1478 - 1557), a Spanish historian, first described papaya in 1526 in his work, La historia general y natural de las Indias. Papaya quickly became favored by Spanish and Portuguese explorers. The numerous seeds, when dried, remain viable for several years and this facilitated their movement. Seeds were taken to Panama and then the Dominican Republic before 1525 and cultivation spread to warm elevations throughout South and Central America, southern Mexico, the West Indies and Bahamas. Spanish sailors brought seeds to the Philippines about 1550 and the papaya traveled from there to Malacca and India.

Papaya arrived in Bermuda in 1616. In 1626 seeds were sent from India to Naples. Eventually, papaya was introduced to nearly all tropical regions and some subtropical regions by Spanish and Portuguese sailors.

Papayas have been cultivated in Hawaii, the major US producer since the 1920s. Up until about 1949, papayas were commonly grown in Puerto Rico. Thereafter, papaya ringspot virus seriously reduced the plantings. Seeds were probably brought from the Bahamas to Florida, where papayas were commonly grown in central and southern Florida in home gardens and on a small commercial scale. In the 1950s, an Italian entrepreneur, Albert Santo, imported papayas into Miami by air from Santa Marta, Colombia, Puerto Rico, and Cuba for sale locally as well as shipping fresh to New York, and he also processed quantities into juice or preserves in his own Miami factory. In 1959, papaya ringspot virus caused a decline in Florida papaya production similar to the one in Puerto Rico 10 years earlier. The virus hit Hawaii in the 1990s; however, biotechnologists at the University of Hawaii inserted a gene into the 'Sunrise' cultivar that conferred resistance to the virus. This made the papaya the first genetically modified fruit crop used for human consumption. Since 1998, most of the papaya acreage in Hawaii has been changed to genetically modified cultivars.

Genetically modified organisms were outlawed on the Big Island of Hawaii in 2013, but papayas were excluded from the ban.

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11y ago

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