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A targum is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible. There are several, but if someone says just "the Targum" they are probably referring to the Targum of Onkelos. This targum still studied regularly by Jews today. In making a translation, any translator has to interpret the text being translated, and Onkelos' translation serves as an important commentary on The Bible.

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Q: What is the Targum?
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