Whenever you pass a value to a function, that value must be copied. If the value is large or complex, this can hinder performance, particularly when the function does not need to alter the value. To improve performance, we use the pass by reference semantic. Rather than passing the value itself, we pass the address of the value. That is, the address is copied, not the value. The function can then refer to the value by dereferencing the address.
Ideally, pass by reference should only be used when the function does not need to alter the value. This is achieved by declaring the function's formal argument a pointer to constant type. This makes it clear to the caller the value of the actual argument will not be altered by the function.
In some cases, we do require the function to alter the value. In these cases the argument is regarded as being an output parameter because it allows the function to return another value besides the return value. Typically, the caller will allocate some memory for the function to use (perhaps initialising it with a value), and then pass the address of that memory to the function. The function's formal argument is therefore declared a pointer to non-constant type, making it clear to the caller that the function will modify the value being pointed.
When we pass arguments my value, we are passing the value represented in the variable mentioned in the call, and not the variable itself. Therefore, any modifications made to that value will NOT be reflected in the variable mentioned in the call. Pass by reference, as the name suggests passes the reference of the variable mentioned in the procedure call. Any modifications made to the data of that variable is changed at the memory location of that data itself, and will be reflected in the variable itself, after the procedures completes.
There are no specific advantages.
I booked air 2 tickets from ryanair. Before to pay they ask me the voucher reference number. Thank a lot for help.
it can fly
4
No, call-by-reference can be emulated with pointers.
No , Java does not support call by reference.
Very easily: there is no call-by-reference in C.
Advantage of reference frame theory
You can call people.
I would call your local reference librarian. Call your library and ask for the reference desk. You will get at least some starting helpers.
The using of term 'call-by-reference' implies function-call, so please rethink your question...
Call by value essentially passes a copy of an object's value whereas call by reference essentially passes the object itself. Pass by reference is the preferred method whenever possible as call by value will automatically invoke the object's copy constructor, which is often unnecessary, especially if the object is not affected by the function call (pass by constant reference).
A person who provides a reference is often referred to as a referee.
A very useful thing.
A referee
Example: void foo( MyClass& object ){} // function with call by reference signature MyClass* p = new MyClass(); // instantiate a pointer to MyClass foo( *p ); // call by reference using the pointer