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The air surrounding Earth is our atmosphere.

The atmosphere is bound to Earth by gravity.

Dry air contains (by volume) 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, .9% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and other gasses in small amounts. Water vapor can vary, displacing these, and is typically 1% but can be several percent.

Also:

The pressure at the surface of the Earth is 14.7 pounds per square inch or one atmosphere or one pascal or 760 millimeters of Mercury.

That pressure is the weight per unit area of all the air that is being pulled down by the attraction of the Earth's gravity.

Very light gasses, like hydrogen and helium, do escape from the atmosphere, but the remainder are pretty stable.

Sometimes a molecule the Earth's atmosphere is hit by a cosmic ray or a particle from the solar wind from the Sun and this can cause the molecule to move off into space. Mostly the Earth's magnetic field prevents charged particles in the solar wind from having great effect on the atmosphere, but that is not 100% protection.

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Q: What is the air surrounding and bound to the earth called?
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What is the air surrounding a planet?

The air surrounding a planet is called the "Atmosphere."


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Oxygen makes up 20.95% of the air surrounding Earth (that is almost 25%).


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