Many element's symbols are derrived from their ancient names. These names can be researched individually. For example, Pb is the symbol for lead. It's ancient Latin name was "plumbum".
There are two elements that are known to be named after ancient lands. These two elements are ruthenium (after the ancient name, Ruthenia, an Eastern European cross-section) and gallium (after Gaul, the ancient name for France).
Gallium and Ruthernium
Like many elements its symbol is derived from its ancient (Latin) name; in this case ferrous or ferric.
In ancient times the elements meant : water, fire, earth, and air. However the modern definition of elements is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
Names are given first from ancient words, then for random words that are used, then for their properties, then for famous people or the place of their discovery, and finally just given a name that describes its number. The symbols are derived from either their modern or ancient Greek/Latin name.
Elements by Euclid
Often Latin.
There aren't many elements we can look at for this. Most of the ones we have today were not known in ancient times, so the question doesn't apply to them. Ancient peoples knew some elements. but each language would have had its own name for them. Many of the Latin sounding names were concocted by scholars when the element was discovered, as Latin was the language of learned people for hundreds of years. Sulfur derives from the Latin sulpur, and it's probably what the Romans called it, but the Greeks called it θεῖον (roughly 'thion') and the old English name was brimstone.
Sound and Graphic elements
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The ancient name of Warangal is "orugallu"
the ancient name of charsadda was paskalavati