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Light will undergo refraction, and the light rays will bend towards the normal, because it is entering an optically denser medium. In this case, the angle of refraction will be smaller than the angle of incidence. In addition, the speed of light will be reduced when travelling in water.
This phenomenon occurs due to the refraction of light as it travels from the air into the water. When light enters the water at an angle, it changes speed and bends, causing objects beneath the water's surface to appear shifted and closer to the surface than they actually are. This refraction effect makes the water appear shallower when viewed from the outside.
There will be refraction when light passes from one substance to the other (for example, from air to water), when the two substances have different indices of refraction, and when light passes the surface at an angle. In other cases, there is no refraction.
yes, if the pencil is in water, its refraction because when a wave enters a new medium, the waves speed changes and moves in a different angle. that's why a pencil looks broken in water
Refraction
Water's particles are denser than air's, so when the light enters water, the light rays slow down, so travel at a shallower angle to the angle at which the light enters (incidence).
If a wave enters an environment in which it changes speed, the part that enters first appears to lag-behind or lead-in-front the original. That light refracts in this way strongly suggests that it has wave properties and that its speed has to change in moving between air, glass, and water fo example.
When it enters a medium with a higher index of refraction (i.e. air --> water)
An interesting property of light called refraction just took place. When light enters the water, it can't move as fast and it has to slow down slightly. It's kind of like how if you are walking, you can walk at a normal speed but if you walk in water, you can't walk quite as fast. If light from the image enters the water straight, then the image looks normal - which was what you originally did when the pencil was straight up and down. If the light enters the water at an angle, then the change in speed between the open air and water causes the light beam to bend away from its original path. When the pencil was at an angle, the image was at a bigger angle in the water than in the air and made the pencil look like it was bent.
depends on the angle and the index of refraction
A wave that enters a new medium will experience interference. It is the interference that causes the observed phenomenon we observe when a wave enters a new medium.