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Because rainwater dissolves carbon dioxide to produce carbonic acid - a weak acid - but over geological time it can dissolve various types of rock like limestone and thus weather it.
A "chemical" change takes place when an acid dissolves soft rock. A "physical change" occurs when a rock is crushed into powder.
Dissolution occurs.
By sandblasting, power washing, driving on, walking on, lawn watering, and contributing to the acid content of rainwater.
Rainwater contains carbonic acid, and chemically reacts with rocks, particularly carbonate ones, dissolving them slowly.As sulphur and other gases (most commonly found as byproducts of industrial activities) diffuse into clouds, the overall acidity of the rainwater will increase. In small amount this is not a real problem, but when the amounts begin to increase you can get problems such as acid rain. As rainwater is naturally acidic the effects of pure rainwater on rocks will be the same as those with acid rain (although the rate of acid decay of the rock will be higher with acid rain). The effects of the acid rain are most noticeable on limestone (as it is very susceptible to acid erosion due to its high carbon content). The acid will corrode the surface of the rock, allowing to be more easily dissolved into the water and carried away. Over time this can cause serious problems to the overall structure of the rock. If acid rain affects buildings then the outer walls will often be checked to ensure that they will still be able to help support the building.
Rainwater is naturally slightly acidic because carbon dioxide from the air dissolves in it. Minerals in rocks may react with the rainwater, causing the rock to be weathered. Some types of rock are easily weathered by chemicals. For example, limestone and chalk are mostly calcium carbonate. When acidic rainwater falls on limestone or chalk, a chemical reaction happens. New, soluble, substances are formed in the reaction. These dissolve in the water, and then are washed away, weathering the rock. -BBC: The rock cycle
Weathering
Sulphur acid may be produced when rainwater combines with sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. Sulphur dioxide may be produced by the burning of fossil fuels and through volcanic eruptions. Sulphur acid weathers rock by solution.
The main agents of chemical weathering are acid precipatation, lichens, and other plants like mold decaying the rock. :)
Carbonic acid is an acid formed by diluting co2 in water. It weathers calcite minerals by reaction with them (Lime stone)
The minerals of these rocks are similar.
Chemical weathering can be increased if rainwater has is more acidic. Meaning it has a pH level higher than 5.5. Chemical weathering occurs quicker in warm and moist climates. :)