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Q: What is the area under saline and alkaline soils in India?
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What are the changes in antigenic properties of blood when buried under soil?

types of soils in india


Is mountain soil forest soil?

Sometimes.Forest soils form under forests. No forest, no forest soils.Mountain soils form on mountains, whether or not forests grow there.Not all mountains are forested. Also, even when forests exist on some mountains, they can also include desert vegetation at low elevations, and/or alpine tundra at high elevations. Soils that form under such vegetation types are not forest soils.


Types of soil in maharashtra and its characteristics?

Various types of soils are found in the state. These are black soils, laterite and lateritic soils, coastal alluvial soils, saline -alkali soils, mixed red and black soiI, fed 1oam and red and yellow soils. 1. Black soilsThese soils occur extensively in the state. They are found in semi-arid, dry sub-humid and moist subhumid regions at elevation of 300 to 900 metre above mean sea level with hot summer and mild winter.The dark colour is due to the formation of clay-organic matter complex. Soil characteristics of favourable surface structure, higher water retention capacity (due to smectite clay minerals) and high cation exchange capacity make these soils potentially productive. However, fine texture and tilth, high bulk density, shrinkage cracks, separating soils into polyhedrons and saturated low hydraulic conductivity in the sub-soils are responsible for restricted drainage and pose problems to their management for high productivity. The soils show a great variability in their depth as well as characteristics and, therefore, are generally grouped as shallow, medium and deep black soils.a. Shallow black soilsIts depth arise from 0.0 to 22.5 cm of the soil. They are mixed with disintegrated murum (coarse partly disintegrated - parent material) and form 20-22 per cent of the black soils. These soils have coarse texture and are characterized by low fertility. These are found on piedmont (a plateau between the coastal plain and the foot of a mountain range) and erosion surfaces are classified as Ustorthents.b. Medium black soilsSoil depth is about 22.5 to 90 cm. Medium black soils occupy the largest area of the state (about 65 percent). These are mostly found to occur on piedmont plain. These soils are base saturated with calcium as the predominant exchangeable cation. They have high lime reserve (1 to 5 per cent) and alkaline reaction (PH 7. to 9 ). Characteristics of Vertisols are classified as vertic subgroups of Inceptisols.c. Deep black soilsThese soils are found in vast stretches in river valleys of Godavari, Krishna, Bhima and the Puma and also in the piedmont plains. These soils are more fertile than medium black soils. The structure is grannular in surface layer and becomes cloddy with angular shining wedge shaped surface at lower depth. The clay content ranges from 40 to 60 per cent but may be as high as 70 percent. The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is higher than 60 meq/l00 gm soils. These soils are classified as Vertisols.2. Laterite and lateritic soilsThese soils are practically devoid of calcium carbonate, acidic in reaction (PH 5.0 to 6.5) and sandy clay loam to clayey in texture. The sesquioxides constitute more than 95 per cent of the total chemical constituents. Kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral which is sometimes associated with illite. These are normally classified as Haplustalfs, Plinthustalfs and Ustochrepts.3. Coastal alluvial soilsThese soils are derived from trap and are clay loam in texture, greyish black in colour and alkaline in reaction (PH 7.5 to 8.0). The lime content ranges from to 5.0 per cent. These are mostly Haplaquents, Haplaquepts and Halaquepts.4. Saline - alkali soilsThese soils are clay loam to clayey in texture and grey to black in colour. Soils contain 0.5 to 5.0 percent lime and pH ranges from 8.5 to 9.5. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract of saline soils is more than 4 mmhos/cm at 25°C, ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) is less than 15 and pH is less than 8.5. In case of sodic soil, the electrical conductivity of saturation extract is less than 4m mho/cm ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) more than 15 and pH of saturation extract more than 8.5. These are normally Halaquept and Salorthids.5. Mixed red and black soils, red loam and red and yellow soilsNearly 70 percent of the area in Bhandara district is under these soils. Their physico-chemical properties are more or less similar to medium deep black soils. 1n addition, very shallow and coarse textured gravely red soils occur in this area. Such soils contain very high percentage of free lime, stones and gravel. The colour of these soils is generally red or yellowish red due to the presence of iron oxides.. These are mostly Plinthustalfs, Haplustalfs and Ustorthents.


Is there a situation where soil can turn into rock instead of rock turning into soil?

First understand that solid rock weathers and breaks down to form soils. Then over very long periods of time, soils build up and are eventually submerged by younger soils. When enough soils build up the lower soils are placed under ever increasing weight and pressure. Eventually, that heat and pressure recrystallize the soil constituents and rock is formed. This final process of forming rock is calledlithification. This process occurs at very deep depths.


Can Soil turn in to a rock?

yes. Over very long periods of time, soils build up. They are eventually submerged by younger soils. When enough is built up, the lower soils are placed under ever increasing weight and pressure. Eventually, that heat and pressure recrystallize the soil constituents and rock is formed. This final process of forming rock is called lithification.

Related questions

What are the changes in antigenic properties of blood when buried under soil?

types of soils in india


Does bleach come under a alkaline acid or neutral?

Chlorine bleach is an alkaline, or base.


Is normal saline classified as a drug?

Normal saline intended to be used for intravenous administration comes under drug category.


What is the layer of soils rock found under the soil?

bedrock


Where is barium usually found?

under most soils at low levels


Is mountain soil forest soil?

Sometimes.Forest soils form under forests. No forest, no forest soils.Mountain soils form on mountains, whether or not forests grow there.Not all mountains are forested. Also, even when forests exist on some mountains, they can also include desert vegetation at low elevations, and/or alpine tundra at high elevations. Soils that form under such vegetation types are not forest soils.


Cleaning piercings with saline solution?

cleaning your body piercing with saline solution is very important for the healing process i have my nose and belly button pierced and used saline for both and they healed wonderfully :) Fact of the matter is simple, saline will not "clean" a piercing. Saline will soften the dried matter the piercing generates however it will not clean the piercing. Irrigation under running water while moving the jewellery will do more for cleaning than just soaking the piercing in Saline.


What soil is formed under big vegetation?

You will have to define big vegetation before anyone can answer this question.There are big differences between soils that stem from the type of vegetation that grows on them. Prairie soils are much different than forest soils, for example.


What is in the soil of that makes the red color we can see?

Clay or Red soil is a group of soils that develop in a warm, temperate, moist climate under deciduous or mixed forests and that have thin organic and organic-mineral layers overlying a yellowish-brown leached layer resting on an illuvial (see illuviation) red layer. Red soils generally derived from igneous rock. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to cultivate because of it′s low water holding capacity. Red soils denote the second largest soil group of India covering an area of about 6.1 lakhs sq. km (18.6% of India's area) over the Peninsula from Tamil Nadu in the south to Bundelkhand in the north and Rajmahal hills in the east to Kachchh in the west. They surround the black soils on their south, east and north.


Is Andaman and Nicobar Island under control India?

Under the control of India


What do astronomers think there could be life on euopa?

Astronomers have found evidence that leads them to think that there is a saline ocean under the H2O ice that dominates the surface of Europa. A saline environment would be amenable to life.


Is soda water consider an alkaline water?

No, because the pH is under 7.