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The Roman honorary military decorations were the:
Corona obsidionalis/graminea (grass crown). It was the highest honour and the most difficult one to attain. It was presented by a beleaguered army after its liberation to the commander who broke the siege. It was made of grass, or weeds and wild flowers gathered from the spot of the siege. It was derived from an archaic custom where if a contest of strength, the looser plucked a handful of grass from the meadow where the fight took place, and gave it to his opponent as a token of victor.
Corona civica (civic crown). It was the second highest honour. It was awarded to the soldier who had saved the life of a Roman soldier in battle, slain his opponent, and held his ground. It was presented together with the inscription Ob civem servatum. It a chaplet originally made of ilex, then aesculus, and finally quercus. These were types of oak. This crown was such a high honour that its award was restricted by strict regulations and a thorough investigation of the claim.
Corona Muralis (mural crown). It was presented by the commander to the first soldier who climbed the wall of a besieged city and placed the standard of the legion on it. The first man who scaled the wall of a besieged city was presented by his commander with a mural crown. Because it was a hone of the highest decorations, it was awarded to a claimant only after a strict investigation. It was made of gold, and decorated with turrets.
Corona Castrensis or Vallaris (camp crown). It was presented to the first soldier who surmounted the vallum (entrenchment) and forced an entrance into the enemy's camp, was, it was a gold crown with the palisades (valli) used in forming an entrenchment.
Corona Triumphalis (triumphal crown). It came in three types. The most honourable one was called laurea insignis and insignis corona triumphalis.it was worn around the head of the commander during his triumph and it was made with laurel or bay leaves without berries. The second one was of gold, often enriched with jewels. It wad too large to be worn and was held over the head of the commander during his triumph, by a public officer. These two crowns were presented to the victorious commander by his army. The third one was the corona provincials. It was sent as a present from the provinces to the commander, when he was awarded a triumph. Originally it was a gratuitous present, but later it was exacted as a tribute under the name of aurum coronarium, to those who were awarded a triumph.
Corona Ovalis (ovation crown).This was crown of less estimation. It was presented to commanders who merely deserved an ovation, which happened when a war was not duly declared, or was carried on against a very inferior force, or with persons not considered as lawful enemies (such as slaves or pirates) or when the victory was obtained without danger, difficulty, or bloodshed. It is was made of myrtle, the shrub sacred to Venus.
Corona Oleagina. It was given to both soldiers and commanders. It was presented to those who were instrumental in achieving victory, but were not present in the battle. It was an honorary wreath, made of the olive leaf.
Corona aurea (golden crown). Golden crowns, without any particular designation, were frequently presented out of compliment by one individual to another, and by a commander to a soldier who had in any way distinguished himself.
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