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Landing Gears are shock attenutation systems designed to stop the speed of the airplane and absorb the energy. Shock Absorbers on most cars are only vibration dampeners. They are cylinders filled with fluid and one end(rod end) has a piston that moves through the fluid and the fluid resists the movement. Without car shocks, the ride would be bouncy; they slow down the response of the car. Landing Gears are very similiar. The Cylinder is filled with high pressure oil and air(FAA requires Nitrogen, now). The Piston slides inside the Cylinder and this movement forces the oil through a hole or Orifice. The Orifice and the tube it slides over may be designed to change in the opening (or gap between the Tube and Orifice). The fluid passing through the orifice provides resistance force to slow the stroke of the Piston. As it moves, the gap changes and the force changes. This allows the gear to be designed to slow the aircraft's descent at a varying rate. Some gear have a 2nd chamber at the top. This 2nd chamber acts as a final shock absorber that engages at the end of the stroke of the gear.
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