District Courts, below that is Small Claims Courts, above that is the Courts of Appeals. Two steps higher is the Supreme Court.
Court Martial
Original jurisdiction
(in the US) It is the various US District courts.
The US Supreme Court is not located in New York. New York does have a trial court system which is called the Supreme Court, even though it is not truly supreme in the sense that the US Supreme Court is. It is not an appellate court like the US supreme Court is. They named it that because in early days, New York had a fractured system of trial courts, some with limited subject matter jurisdiction, some with limited regional jurisdiction. The New York Supreme Court became the unified statewide trial court, in effect supreme over all the little courts. It is not a good choice of names.
The Article III inferior courts (below the US Supreme Court) of the Judicial Branch:US District Courts (trial courts)US Court of International Trade (trial)US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts (intermediate appellate courts)
No. The US Supreme Court currently only hears disputes between the states under original (trial) jurisdiction; all other cases reviewed are under appellate (appeals) jurisdiction. In the Federal court system, trials typically begin in US District Court or one of the courts of limited jurisdiction, such as US Bankruptcy Court. State cases always go to trial in the appropriate state court.
The chief justice of the US presides of the trial if the president is impeached.
No. The US Supreme Court only exercises appellate jurisdiction over criminal cases originating in the state and federal court systems; they do not hold trials. The federal court of original jurisdiction (trial court) for a murder case would be the US District Court overseeing the territory in which the crime occurred.
US District Court cases (THE federal district court) are heard by a jury if the defendant requests a jury trial, or by a judge if the defendant requests a bench trial. A judge always presides over the trial, but only pronounces judgment in bench trials.
No. The US Supreme Court doesn't hold trials; they hear appeals. Sentences are imposed by the trial court.
Not really, although there are a few exceptions. The US Supreme Court hears most cases under its appellate (appeals) jurisdiction; however, the Constitution grants the Court original (trial) jurisdiction over disputes between the states and cases involving ambassadors and other foreign dignitaries (the latter are currently tried in US District Court), so there is a limited class of cases that may be "tried" in the Supreme Court. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court is not considered a "federal trial court."
US District Courts are the trial courts of general jurisdiction; they are the entry level of the federal court system.