Since we don't have the item from the article you read a general answer is the only thing that can be given. Bleeding Kansas comes from a newspaper headline about the John Brown attack in Lawrence Kansas.
hyperlink
text allignment
Sms
Hypertext is refered as the linked text. This text is used for linking the stuff to other pages.
A text field can hold both numbers and text. Sometimes they are referred to as alphanumeric fields.
memo
They are sometimes referred to as labels.
Underlined text such as task and folder names are commonly referred to as hyperlinks. Hyperlinks are clickable elements on a webpage or document that direct users to another location or resource.
Text analysis tool that is known as Text mining, is referred to by the experts as text data mining. This tool works is said to be the same as text analytic's that analyzes the text and then gathers statistics that could be beneficial to companies.
Before encryption, the data is referred to as "plain text". After encryption it is called "cipher text".
Text in Photoshop is vector object, so you can scale, rotate, change size, color without losing quality.
HTML Tagcolors are defined in the Font Attributes