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How regenerative repeater work in pulse code modulation?
Regenerative Repeater is used for the PCM (Pulse code modulation ) it amplifies the signal because the effect of the channel over the signal .
What is the application of pulse amplitude modulation?
Communications - The amplitude of a carrier wave is modulated by a data signal and transmitted, for example by radio wave. At the receiving end it is possible to demodulate the signal if the orignal carrier wave is known and retrieve the data signal
Can laser beam be used as RF signal carrier?
When modulated with a radio frequency signal, they will indeed carry information. As in fibre-optic cables. The modulation may be of the several commonly used types, amplitude, frequency, phase ... modulation.
What is Modulation index in Frequency modulation?
Modulation Index is the ratio of the maximum deviation frequency to the frequency of modulation. In other words it is the ratio of the spread in frequency spectrum to the frequency that was used to modulate the carrier. For FM, modulation index is given by the formula mf= df/f where, mf=modulation index for FM df=difference in carrier frequency f=frequency of the signal
How does the intelligence signal modulates the carrier?
There are three major types of modulation:AM, Amplitude Modulation, where the modulation signal is altering the amplitude of the carrier according to its own amplitude, normally this is done in the output stage. Therefor a strong audio signal is necessary at the same or a little less than the power of the carrier, never higher, because that will over modulate the carrier that will resort in distortion of the receiver output. AM is used in the lower band of the RF spectrum.FM, Frequency Modulation, where the frequency of the carrier is altered by the audio signal. When the amplitude of the audio is going higher the frequency go lower. Modulation happen at the oscillator stage, therefor a small audio signal is used to modulate the frequency. FM is normally used in the higher frequency range of the RF spectrum, 50MHz and up.FSK, Frequency-shift keying, used for data transmission, this type of modulation is simply, switching the carrier on and of, a high bit will switch the oscillator on and a low bit will switch it off, in some designs a low will be on and a high off.
How regenerative repeater work in pulse code modulation?
Regenerative Repeater is used for the PCM (Pulse code modulation ) it amplifies the signal because the effect of the channel over the signal .
What is the application of pulse amplitude modulation?
Communications - The amplitude of a carrier wave is modulated by a data signal and transmitted, for example by radio wave. At the receiving end it is possible to demodulate the signal if the orignal carrier wave is known and retrieve the data signal
What is analog modulation?
Analog modulationIn analog modulation, the modulation is applied continuously in response to the analog information signal.Common analog modulation techniques are:Amplitude modulation (AM) (here the amplitude of the modulated signal is varied) Double-sideband modulation (DSB) Double-sideband modulation with unsuppressed carrier (DSB-WC) (used on the AM radio broadcasting band)Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission (DSB-SC)Double-sideband reduced carrier transmission (DSB-RC)Single-sideband modulation (SSB, or SSB-AM), SSB with carrier (SSB-WC)SSB suppressed carrier modulation (SSB-SC)Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB, or VSB-AM)Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)Angle modulation Frequency modulation (FM) (here the frequency of the modulated signal is varied)Phase modulation (PM) (here the phase shift of the modulated signal is varied)
Can laser beam be used as RF signal carrier?
When modulated with a radio frequency signal, they will indeed carry information. As in fibre-optic cables. The modulation may be of the several commonly used types, amplitude, frequency, phase ... modulation.
What is pulse code modulation?
Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals by sampling the signal at regular intervals and quantizing the amplitude value to a specific number of bits. This allows for the accurate reproduction of the original analog signal for transmission and storage.
What is Modulation index in Frequency modulation?
Modulation Index is the ratio of the maximum deviation frequency to the frequency of modulation. In other words it is the ratio of the spread in frequency spectrum to the frequency that was used to modulate the carrier. For FM, modulation index is given by the formula mf= df/f where, mf=modulation index for FM df=difference in carrier frequency f=frequency of the signal
What is pwm?
PWM is Pulse Width Modulation. It is a Digital control is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between on and off.
What modulation is used in telegraphy system?
pulse code modulation method used a telephony.
How does the intelligence signal modulates the carrier?
There are three major types of modulation:AM, Amplitude Modulation, where the modulation signal is altering the amplitude of the carrier according to its own amplitude, normally this is done in the output stage. Therefor a strong audio signal is necessary at the same or a little less than the power of the carrier, never higher, because that will over modulate the carrier that will resort in distortion of the receiver output. AM is used in the lower band of the RF spectrum.FM, Frequency Modulation, where the frequency of the carrier is altered by the audio signal. When the amplitude of the audio is going higher the frequency go lower. Modulation happen at the oscillator stage, therefor a small audio signal is used to modulate the frequency. FM is normally used in the higher frequency range of the RF spectrum, 50MHz and up.FSK, Frequency-shift keying, used for data transmission, this type of modulation is simply, switching the carrier on and of, a high bit will switch the oscillator on and a low bit will switch it off, in some designs a low will be on and a high off.
What is difference between modulated wave and carrier wave?
Carrier Wave: A carrier wave is a high-frequency electromagnetic wave that is used as the "carrier" or the base signal in a modulation process. It is typically a pure sine wave with a constant frequency and amplitude. The carrier wave by itself does not carry any information; it serves as a vehicle to carry the information from one location to another. In AM and FM radio broadcasting, the carrier wave is the primary signal transmitted by the radio station. Modulated Wave: A modulated wave is the result of combining the carrier wave with an information signal, such as an audio signal or data. Modulation is the process of varying the characteristics of the carrier wave (either its amplitude or frequency) in accordance with the information signal. There are two common types of modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). In AM, the amplitude of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the information signal. This variation encodes the information onto the carrier wave. In FM, the frequency of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the information signal. This variation encodes the information onto the carrier wave. The modulated wave contains the information that needs to be transmitted, and it can be demodulated at the receiving end to retrieve the original information.
Why values of modulation index greater than one are not used in full-carrier AM system?
If the modulation index is greater than 1 (more than 100% modulation) the modulated carrier signal is periodically reduced to zero. This does not effect the transmitter but at the receiver these "dead carrier" intervals result in dropouts in the audio stream from the loudspeaker producing a distorted output that is difficult to understand.
Pulse Position modulation is digital or not?
Pulse position modulation can be analog or digital, it depends on the signal and/or the modulator used to obtain the modulation. If an analog signal is applied at the input of the modulator, the position of the pulse can assume an infinity of different timing states (the signal vary continuously) and hence an analog modulation is realised in PPM. On the contrary if the signal is digitized previously in a series of discrete states, the pulse at the output will have discrete timing interval (not continuosly). Then a digital modulation is obtained. If the signal is analog, but the modulator is digital, we will have again a number of finite state in output timing, and the PPM will be digital. To be noted that, if the number of steps in the digital modulator, is higher then the dinamic range required, the performance of the digital and analog PPM will be exactly the same. Cecking the front of the pulse of PPM with a digital oscilloscope capable of jitter measurament, we will see immediately if the position of the pulses will be continuosly variable or a number of discrete steps will be presented. We can then consider analog and digital PPM physically different.
