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The boiling water causes the inside surface of the thick glass to expand rapidly. But the outside of the glass expands at a much slower rate, as it takes time for the heat from the inside to reach the outside, and the expansion to equalise. It is this difference in expansion that can cause the glass to break.
Unfortunately, this depends upon whose Pyrex you are considering. The original Pyrex was a borosilicate glass, which has a low thermal expansion. The Trademark owners have allowed the name to be used nowadays by some manufacturers who use tempered soda-lime glass. But some licensees still use a borosilicate glass.
The ordinary dish has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, relatively low thermal conductivity, and is brittle with no yield point. The bottom will get hot while the top remains cool causing tension stress on the top surface which can break the glass due to it relatively low tension strength, especially if it is scratched
Heat the metal lid (but try not to heat the glass jar as much) and the thermal expansion will make the lit easier to screw off (I do this often by running the lid under hot tap water).
Usually, an increase in temperature will result in a decrease in density, and vice versa. (There are exceptions, but they are very rare.)The amount by which this happens is the coefficient of thermal expansion. If it doesn't happen (like for borosilicate glass, used for test tubes) the coefficient is zero. If it works backwards (higher density with higher temperature, like water between 32-40 degrees F), the coefficient is negative.
The lid will expand and loosen the grip on the jar.
The milk bottle is made of ordinary glass with a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion. Glass has poor thermal conductivity, so the inside of the bottle will be hot and outside cold. This temperature gradient will cause a stress in the glass and if the glass has small imperfections or flaws in it the glass will break. That is why coffee pots are often made of low expansion glass, like Pyrex, to prevent high stress.
"thermal expansion"
uneven thermal expansion
The boiling water causes the inside surface of the thick glass to expand rapidly. But the outside of the glass expands at a much slower rate, as it takes time for the heat from the inside to reach the outside, and the expansion to equalise. It is this difference in expansion that can cause the glass to break.
Thermal expansion and contraction, specifically the different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between glass and metal....AND ITS LIKE A (CLOSED SYSTEM)
through thermal expansion
Pyrex is the trade name of a Corning low thermal expansion glass. All Pyrex is glass, not all glass is Pyrex.
Unfortunately, this depends upon whose Pyrex you are considering. The original Pyrex was a borosilicate glass, which has a low thermal expansion. The Trademark owners have allowed the name to be used nowadays by some manufacturers who use tempered soda-lime glass. But some licensees still use a borosilicate glass.
A glass beaker is completely filled with 456 c.c. of a liquid when both the glass beaker and the liquid are at a temperature of 33.3oC. If the glass beaker and the liquid are cooled to 5oC. what additional volume of liquid (in c.c.) can be put into the beaker?Volumetric coefficient of expansion of liquid is 0.000109K-1 and the coefficient of linear expansion for glass is 3.2X10-6K-1
There are several ways:use a liquid whose coefficient of thermal expansion is near constant,use a liquid with low vapour pressure,use a bulb with a relatively larger bulb and thinner stem,calibrate the thermometer carefully.
The ordinary dish has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, relatively low thermal conductivity, and is brittle with no yield point. The bottom will get hot while the top remains cool causing tension stress on the top surface which can break the glass due to it relatively low tension strength, especially if it is scratched