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What is the constraints of top brine temperature in desalination process?
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What are the cons of thermal desalination?
Advantages· Distillation offers significant savings in operational and maintenance costs compared with other desalination technologies. · In most cases, distillation does not require the addition of chemicals or water softening agents to pretreat feedwater.· Low temperature distillation plants are energy-efficient and cost-effective to operate.· Many plants are fully automated and require a limited number of personnel to operate.· Distillation has minimal environmental impacts, although brine disposal must be considered in the plant design.· The technology produces high-quality water, in some cases having less than 10 mg/1 of total dissolved solids.· Distillation can be combined with other processes, such as using heat energy from an electric-power generation plant.Disadvantages· Some distillation processes are energy-intensive, particularly the large-capacity plants. «Disposal of the brine is a problem in many regions. · The distillation process, particularly MSF distillation, is very costly.· Distillation requires a high level of technical knowledge to design and operate.· The technology requires the use of chemical products, such as acids, that need special handling.
What is calcium carbonate scale and calcium sulphate scale in desalination plant?
Scale formation represents a major operational problem encountered in thermal desalination plants. Scale may form because of the composition of the make-up, but mostly develops as a result of further change occurring during evaporation. Scale formation is mainly caused by crystallization of alkaline scales, e.g., CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 and non-alkaline scale, e.g., CaSO4. The formation of CaCO3 scale strongly depends on temperature, pH, and the release rate of CO2 as well as on the concentrations of HCO3-, CO32-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions. Scaling in industrial processes is affected by the following factors: (i) bulk variables and composition, i.e. CaCO3 precipitation potential, pH buffering capacity, chloride and sulfate concentrations and concentration of dissolved oxygen, (ii) thermal effect, i.e. heat flux, surface temperature and bulk temperature, (iii) flow field, i.e. velocity of flow and solid/liquid interface conditions and (iv) substrate properties, i.e. materials properties and surface conditions.In previous works, Al-Rawajfeh et al. [1-3] have modeled the CO2 release rates in multiple-effect distillers (MED)distillers. This model did not account for the deposition of alkaline scale and its effect on CO2 release rates. Calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide were assumed to precipitate at negligible rates. Recently, Al-Rawajfeh [4,5] developed a model to simulate the simultaneous release of CO2 with the deposition of CaCO3 and investigated their mutual release-deposition relationship in MED [4] and in the flash chambers in MSF distillers [5]. The influence of CO2 injection on the carbonate chemistry and the scale formation were also studied [6]. The model begin to calculate the CaCO3-Mg(OH)2 (alkaline) scale in the brine chambers, because part of the scale is deposited there and will be reduced from the total scale precipitate or reduce the ions available to precipitate CaSO4 scale inside the tubes when it is recycled with the make-up. Details on the CO2 release and alkaline scale modeling can be found in previous works [1-6].REFERENCES[1] Al-Rawajfeh, A. E., Glade, H., Ulrich, J., CO2 release in multiple-effect distillers Controlled by mass transfer with chemical reaction. Desalination, vol. 156, PP. 109-123, 2003.[2] Al-Rawajfeh, A. E., Glade, H., Qiblawey, H. M., Ulrich, J., Simulation of CO2 release in multiple-effect distillers. Desalination, vol. 166, PP. 41-52, 2004.[3] Al-Rawajfeh, A. E., Glade, H., Ulrich, J., Scaling in multiple-effect distillers: the role of CO2 release. Desalination, vol. 182, PP. 209-219, 2005.[4] Al-Rawajfeh, A.E., Modelling of Alkaline Scale Formation in Falling-Film Horizontal-Tubes Multiple-Effect Distillers. Desalination, vol. 205, PP. 124-139, 2007.[5] Al-Rawajfeh, A.E., Simultaneous desorption-crystallization of CO2- CaCO3 in multistage flash (MSF) distillers. Chem. Eng. Proc., Proc. Inten., vol. 47, PP. 2262-2269, 2008.[6] Al-Rawajfeh, A.E., Al-Amaireh, M. N., The influence of CO2 injection on the carbonate chemistry and scaling in multiple-effect distillers. Desalination & Water Treat., vol. 7, PP. 191-197, 2009.
What happens to leftover salt in a desalination plant?
Pure salt is not the typical product. It's a brine of water and salt water. Tampa's plant uses the brine to produce some of the energy needed to run the desalination equipment. Many others disperse the brine back into the ocean.
Would you plant a desalination plant by the ocean or a pumping plant on a river and why?
a pumping plant because a desalination plant costs alot and they produce brine
What is a product of desalination?
Desalination usually produces fresh water and more concentrated brine, so the only real product is fresh water.
Why isn't desalination used more?
Desalination isn't used more often because it cause's a waste stream called brine and the discharge of chemicals and all that waste can affect the marine life
What is the process of soaking snd storing food in brine?
hat is the process does soaking and storing food in brine
What is product of desalinization?
Desalination usually produces fresh water and more concentrated brine, so the only real product is fresh water.
Why is the water near the doha desalination plant is more salty than the Arabian golf?
Desalination plants take in salt water and output pure water and brine, which is still basically salt water but with a higher concentration of salt. You might expect them to output pure water and pure salt, but for various reasons they actually release the salt back out as brine.
What is the process of soaking and storing food in brine?
pickling
What temperature do Brine shrimp like?
They like cool dry climates
What is the reproductive process for brine shrimp?
it mates with an other to have 100 kids
What is the technology used in UAE to get drinking water from salt water?
The technology is called desalination. There are two processes which are used: Desalinisation by distillation - an industrial process where water is boiled and the water vapor condensed, the water containing concentrated salt (or brine) is then removed. Reverse Osmosis - industrial process although there are smaller commercial or domestic units available. Water containing salt is forced through a permeable membrane (opposite to osmosis), this results in the salts being removed and fresh water produced on one side of the membrane and brine being retained on the other side.
What is the meaning of pickled?
The process of being soaked (as of steeped or preserved) in a brine or other liquid.
