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A transistor is a three-terminal electronic component composed of semiconducting material such as silicon or germanium. the purpose of a transistor is to use a small signal to vary the conductivity of a piece of semiconductor. The tiny signal can switch a large current on and off. Or, the signal can be used to control a larger signal, so the transistor becomes an amplifier. In Bipolar Junction transistors the large current must pass across an extremely thin insulating layer, and the width of this insulating layer controls the current.

In Field Effect Transistors the large current must pass through a narrow conductive channel with insulating layers on either side. The width of this conductive channel controls the current.

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