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In file processing system a permanent system file is created for every new object. Application softwares are used to manipulate these files. SO characteristics (Some of them became its drawbacks) of file processing system are:-

1)Data redundancy and inconsistency

2)Difficulty in accessing data

3)Data isolation ie. data is in different formats and files.

In database system these issues where addressed, by data abstraction.

In DBMS, data is stored using 3 levels of abstraction

1)Physical Level : How data is stored

2)Conceptual level : What data is stored, relationship between data

3)View Level : What is visible to different users.

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A file processing system manages data using individual files, without any inherent structure for organizing or querying data. A database system uses a structured approach to store, retrieve, and manage data in a centralized repository, providing features like data consistency, concurrency control, and query capabilities through a database management system (DBMS).

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Q: What is the difference between a file processing system and a database system?
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What is the difference between distributed and parallel processing?

Distributed processing involves multiple interconnected systems working together to complete a task, with each system performing a different part of the task. Parallel processing, on the other hand, involves breaking down a task into smaller sub-tasks and executing them simultaneously using multiple processors within the same system. In distributed processing, systems may be geographically dispersed, while parallel processing occurs within a single system.


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A distributed database management system (DDBMS) manages databases that are stored on multiple computers, often in different locations. A parallel database management system (parallel DBMS) uses multiple processors to perform operations on a single database, improving performance by dividing tasks among these processors. In essence, DDBMS focuses on data distribution and replication across different sites, while parallel DBMS focuses on high-speed data processing using multiple processors.


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