Hydraulic discs, there are hydraulic pistons pushing the brake pads against the rotor.
Mechanical discs, there's a lever that turns a screw which pushes the pads against the rotor.
mechanical and hydraulic are two different power transmission medium. in mechanical brakes solid links or levers are used to achieve the required braking. in hydraulic brakes there are no links, here the braking is achieved by the hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic system in which the force applied at the brake pedal is multiplied several times to achieve the requied braking.
depends on the type. There are hydraulic bike brakes, but most are mechanical.
Your brake fluid is how the brake system converts mechanical force of your foot on the brake pedal, into hydraulic force that applies your brakes. Without fluid, your hydraulic brakes will not function.
It is a mechanical means of holding the vehicle from moving. The parking brake system is separate from the hydraulic service brakes.
hydraulic oil
No. Hydraulic brakes can be either drum or disc brakes, and these two brake types are available as air brakes and air-over-hydraulic systems, as well.
It was 1939 that Ford started to use hydraulic brakes.
Depends. Most bikes don't have any hydraulic components, but some have hydraulic brakes. Usually disc brakes, but there are at least two models of hydraulic rim brakes as well. And it could easily be argued that suspension bikes with oil shocks are hydraulic in design.
Brakes that are actuated by a hydraulic fluid (such as brake fluid). Other types are air over hydraulic (air actuates hydraulics) and pneumatic (air) brakes.
We would need to know what type of brakes you have... S-cam air brakes, air disc brakes, air piston brakes, air wedge brakes, hydraulic drum brakes, hydraulic disc brakes... they're all different.
Both air brakes and hydraulic brakes are capable of locking up the wheels. It would depend on the weight of the vehicle, tires and road conditions.
You have hydraulic brakes and air brakes. Hydraulic brakes can be drum or disc. Air brakes can be drum, disc, or wedge. On a lot of medium duty trucks and RVs, the parking brake can be a shaft brake, mounted to the back of the transmission.