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Prokaryotic cells:

  • Most primitive, earliest form of life
  • Do not have a pre-defined nucleus
  • Chromosomes are dispersed in the cytoplasm
  • Contain no membrane-bound organelles
  • Have circular chromosomes and lack histone proteins
  • Most metabolically diverse
  • Small - typically 1 - 5 micrometers in diameter
  • Have a primitive cytoskeletal structures or don't have a cytoskeleton at all
  • Smaller (70S) ribosomes
  • Don't undergo meiosis but reproduce sexually by the transfer of DNA fragments through conjugation

Eukaryotic cells:

  • More complex, evolved organisms
  • Contain true nuclei in which chromosomes are compacted as chromatin
  • Contain membrane-bound organelles
  • Have linear DNA and contain histone proteins
  • Larger - typically 10-100 micrometers in diameter
  • Have a complex cytoskeleton
  • Larger (80S) ribosome
  • Reproduce sexually with the use of meiosis

Prokaryotes do not have a membrane bound nucleus (they have a region where DNA is found, the nucleoid). They lack many of the organelles that eukaryotes have including mitochondria and smooth and rough ER. The only organelles that both of them share are ribosomes and a cell membrane. Also prokaryotes have a cell wall.

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Q: What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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Prokaryotes are unicellular, and Eukaryotes are multicellular.


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