The two forms are somewhat similar in structure, as they are also similar to symphonies. They have three or four movements (most often, not always) and the first movement is called "sonata form," a theme being developed, a second theme then being developed, and the first theme being reprised (that is an inadequate description and you can find a better one in any textbook).
As to your question, a sonata is played by one instrument (e.g. piano) or one instrument accompanied by piano (e.g. violin, cello, indeed any instrument at all). A concerto is played by one instrument (usually) with a symphony orchestra. (There is a Brahms double concerto for violin and cello, and a Beethoven triple concerto for violin, cello and piano.)
Prokofiev composed many famous works including: Five piano concertos, two violin concertos, two violin sonatas, seven symphonies, two cello concertos, Love for Three Oranges opera, and the Romeo and Julliet ballet.
He wrote what we call classical music including operas, string quartets, piano sonatas, concertos for different instruments, program music, symphonies, and ballets. That's the type of music he wrote, but the style he wrote in was Romantic.
The plural form of concerto is concertos.
Both concerti and concertos is acceptable. The Latin "concerti" might feel a bit snobbish under some circumstances, but is probably the best choice in formal or semi-formal written word - the Anglicized "concertos" more comfortable in general conversation.
the difference between cello and viola music is that cello sounds lower then viola
Sonatas, concertos, variations, and scherzi.
He composed music. Concertos, symphonies, sonatas, and other brilliant works.
9 Symphonies, piano sonatas, concertos, operas, ballets, Arias.
Classical sonatas use "sonata form" at least in their first movement. Baroque sonatas do not.
they were symphonies, piano sonatas and concertos, instrumental music like opera, songs, trios and quartets
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote many Piano Sonatas, Concertos, Duets, Trios, etc. There are probably anywhere between 200-300 piano pieces written by Mozart.
Prokofiev composed many famous works including: Five piano concertos, two violin concertos, two violin sonatas, seven symphonies, two cello concertos, Love for Three Oranges opera, and the Romeo and Julliet ballet.
He was important because he wrote more than 600 concertos, sonatas, symphonies, and operas in his thirty-five-year lifetime
Mozart's sonatas are actually among the least of his compositions. They are beautiful, but the concertos are more significant as piano music, and among his total output they are not among the most important works by any means.
Ludwig van Beethoven, composer of the Classical and Romantic Periods - Born - 16th or 17th of December, 1770 in Bonn, Germany Died - 26th of March, 1827 in Vienna, Austria Major works include - 9 Symphonies, 16 String quartets, 32 Piano sonatas, 10 Sonatas for violin and piano, 1 Violin concerto, 5 Piano concertos. Specialist Genres - Symphonies, Piano concertos, String quartets, Piano sonatas.
Ludwig van Beethoven, composer of the Classical and Romantic Periods - Born - 16th or 17th of December, 1770 in Bonn, Germany Died - 26th of March, 1827 in Vienna, Austria Major works include - 9 Symphonies, 16 String quartets, 32 Piano sonatas, 10 Sonatas for violin and piano, 1 Violin concerto, 5 Piano concertos. Specialist Genres - Symphonies, Piano concertos, String quartets, Piano sonatas.
Vivaldi wrote 46 operas and hundreds of concertos, as well as sinfonias, sonatas, chamber music, sacred music, and one of his best known works, The Four Seasons (Le Quattro Stagioni), in which he attempted to capture the moods of the four seasons through his music.