Well, along time ago, the Lutheran religion believed in getting saved and going to heaven by faith. The Roman Catholic religion believed in going to heaven by doing good works.
Another Answer:
IMO, there isn't too much of a difference with the passing of time as is evident of the great efforts of reconciling 'daughter' churches to the 'mother' Church. The original split was with Martin Luther who posted his 95 Thesis in 1517. He strongly disagreed with the Catholic Church and its 'selling' of indulgences - buying with money a 'freedom' from the punishment of God for a person's sins. Many would say this was the straw that broke the camel's back for this German Monk/priest
Luther challenged the authority of the Pope - still a major factor of separation - and believed The Bible as the sole authority on divinely revealed knowledge. He was also against priest being the intermediary for the people - called sacerdotalism (same as OT structure). Luther translated the Scripture from Latin where only a few could understand/read it, to the venacular or common language having a tremendous impact on the then ruling Church and German society as a whole.
Lutheranism has some who do not ascribe to the 'Mary-ology' they perceive the Catholic Church having. Some also, do not consider statues of 'saints' to be in Church which causes some people to pray to them. But the Scripture reveals a future time when there will be One World Church and it will not be the true one.
Lutheran Bible has 66 books and Catholic Bible has 73 books. There is no difference in the New Testament of Catholics and Lutheran. However, Catholics consider 7 more books as divine in the Old Testament of the Bible.
yes
The Lutheran Reformation kept two of the seven doctrines of the Catholic church; The Lord's Supper and Baptism. Luther also reorganized the church service by replacing The Mass with vernacular liturgy.
Both churches and the Lutheran Church are "non reformed churches". They did not eliminate the rites of the Roman Catholic Church during the reformation. The Lutheran and Episcopal Churches are Protestant churches. The Lutheran church was founder by Martin Luther when he broke away from the Catholic Church and the Episcopalian church was formed when King Henry the eighth of England broke away from the Catholic Church and the Pope. He later took over all the churches and destroyed many of them. As a side note, all Christians were Roman Catholic until the 15th century.
Both religions believe in God.
The main difference is the authority of the pope. Catholics accept it, Protestants and Orthodox don't. There are some differences in the cannon (list of books) included in the Old Testament (although they all have the same New Testament). There are several different types of Protestant religions (Lutheran, Methodist, Anglican, etc) which have differences between themselves and differences between Catholic/Orthodox. So complicated to get into more specifics.
Nearly every doctrinal difference between the Lutheran and Eastern Orthodox Churches stem from two factors. 1. The Lutheran Church is a catholic, or western Church which shares its roots with the Roman Catholic Church. The forefathers of the modern Orthodox and the forefathers of the modern Roman Catholic and Lutheran Churches underwent the "Great Schism" in the first millennium over Trinitarian doctrine and 2. The Orthodox uphold Apostolic Tradition as a separate means of Church authority, while the Lutheran Church only accepts those tenets of Church Tradition which are upheld by the authority of the Canonical Scriptures. Both are liturgical, historic, sacramentarian Churches. During the Lutheran Reformation, there was much dialogue between the Greek Orthodox and Lutheran theologians as many of their grievances with Roman Catholicism are the same. There were some small, political and doctrinal issues which prevented any formal declaration of union or fellowship. Dialogue continues, and many of the differences between these two historic Churches are simply cultural.
Catholic priest must remain celebate (they may not marry) while Lutheran ministers may marry.
Protestant worship was in the local language. Catholic worship was in Latin. The protestant congregations sang hymns. The Catholic congregations did not. Since the Lutheran worship service was a translation of the Roman Catholic one before Trent, little difference existed there.
Well it turns out their were some differences in between the two religions Lutheranism and Calvinism. Lutheranism says that you don't have to pay for your sins, and Calvinism is sort of like Christianity.
The synods of the Lutheran Church represent different regions of the country. Each synod may have different doctrines, as well.
Before the Reformation, there were two Christian religions-the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox. Both had priests as well as bishops and deacons. There was no such thing as Protestant priests before the Reformation. After the Lutheran Church was founded, the word priest was dropped and today in the Lutheran church, they ordain deacons, pastors or elders and in some Lutheran sects, bishops. The Anglican Church after the Reformation, was and is considered a "bridge" between the Roman Catholics and the Calvinists and Lutherans. They ordain deacons, priests and bishops like in the Catholic and Orthodox faiths. The primary difference at the time the Church of England was founded in the 16th century, was the Mass would be spoken in English not Latin.