polyclonal antobody is the antibody produced for many or non specific antigens but antiserum is the antibody for a specific antigen
Polyclonal antibodiesMonoclonal antibodiesInexpensive to produceExpensive to produceTechnology required is lowHigh technology requiredSkills required are lowTraining is required for the technology useTime scale is shortTime scale is long for hybridomasProduces large amounts of non specific antibodiesCan produce large amounts of specific antibodies but may be too specificRecognizes multiple epitopes on any one antigenRecognizes only one epitope on an antigenCan be batch to batch variabilityOnce a hybridoma is made it is a constant and renewable source and all batches will be identical
Auto Antibodies are involved in auto0immune diseases whereas anti-bodies are involved in immunity against non-self, pathogens.
A vaccine protects against a future illness. An antiserum treats a current illness.
Chickenpox and shingles result from the same virus, and generate the same antibodies. There is no difference between chickenpox antibody and shingles antibody, and there is only one test (varicella virus antibody) for both.
Basically to explain this, an antigen is any type of pathogen that causes disease, while an antibody is something that combats against the antigen.
no, not entirely. Each antibody (Immunoglobulin, "Ig") has both 2 constant regions referred to as "heavy hains" and 2 variable regions referred to as "light chains". The structure of the heavy chains remain the same between the different antibody structures. However, the light chains differ in structure enabling them to respond differently to different specific antigens introduced to the cellular membrane.
agglutination reaction
vaccine: a vaccine teaches your immune system how to fight an infectionantiserum :an antiserum either neutralise the infection or stimulate the immune system
the autoimmune reaction is the reaction between the antibody and antigene when both come from the same body but the isoimmune reaction is between the antigene and antibody produced for the same antigene ( the same according to the type but not the immunity )
Antigen binding site or epitope is a part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody. Paratope is a part of an antibody that binds on epitope.
Opsonization involves an antibody binding to a pathogen itself while neutralizing invovles an antibody binding to a toxin, AKA something the pathogen produces.
precipitation reaction