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Yes, Price effect = substitution effect + income effect
Because the +R effect of the haloarene, tends to oppose the -I effect, and hence the deactivation is lesser at the ortho and para positions, compared to any other position (like the meta position). So they tend to be o-p directing.
Aryl groups are aromatic compounds and have -I effect whereas alkyl groups are mom aromatic compounds with +I effect
facts
I cannot see the terms, but it may be purchasing power.
Nitration occurs through electrophilic addition of aromatic rings by breaking one of its aromatic bonds in order to attack the nitogen. The ring with more electron density will be more likely to add NO2 groups in its meta position (the only position if another group is already attached). When electrophillic addition occurs, the benzene ring would have to unfavorably break its stable aromaticity to attack. However, the phenyl oxygen can donate its electrons to the benzene ring, thus enriching it with electron density and stabilizing the positive charge. The carbonyl group does nothing to stabilize the other benzene ring during its electrophilic addition. In fact, the carbonyl group may as well have the opposite effect: the resonance structure of a single bonded carbon to its oxygen pulls electrons away from the benzene ring through inductive effect.
As demand rises, people will substitute other products.
exon
substitution effect and income effect :) 100% accurate
chnage in consumer's equilbrium due to change in income of the consumer..known as income effect.
Substitution effect
Leslie A. Kubin has written: 'Growth of juvenile English sole exposed to sediments amended with aromatic compounds' -- subject(s): Parophrys vetulus, Effect of water pollution on, Aromatic compounds, Physiological effect