proper compaction and proper curing of the concrete gives good concrete. for compaction, it lessen the air voids or micro space between the aggregates of the concrete, those voids are very little which is not really visible. for curing, it lessen the heat of hydration of the cement.
David C. Stark has written: 'Effect of vibration on the air-void system and freeze-thaw durability of concrete' -- subject(s): Concrete, Effect of temperature on, Vibrated concrete
Duff Andrew Abrams has written: 'Quantities of materials for concrete' -- subject(s): Concrete, Tables 'Effect of curing condition on the wear and strength of concrete' -- subject(s): Concrete 'Tests of bond between concrete and steel' -- subject(s): Reinforced concrete 'Effect of vibration jigging and pressure on fresh concrete' -- subject(s): Concrete 'Test of a 40-foot reinforced concrete highway bridge' -- subject(s): Bridges
Consider what marble powder is. It is basically calcite, which is an already common component of concrete. Adding more would be to increase the ratio of calcium carbonate to other plasticizing materials. In effect, it would make the concrete more stony and brittle.
Robert P. Zisa has written: 'Establishment and early growth of conifers on compact soils in urban areas' -- subject(s): Conifers, Effect of soil compaction on, Effect of soil compaction on Plants, Plants, Plants, Effect of soil compaction on
Adding sugar to concrete can help to improve workability and slow down the setting time. However, it can also reduce the strength and durability of the concrete in the long run due to potential issues with carbonation and decreased bonding between cement particles. Overall, it is not recommended to use sugar as an additive in concrete unless in specific situations where these effects are desired.
Generally, if concrete splits in freezing temperatures, it is because Water got into cracks and froze. The expansion of the ICE in the cracks would force the cracks open even farther and possibly split the concrete.
sinking and compaction of the land
So long as the concrete is fully cured, ice won't hurt it in your lifetime.If it's not fully set, you'll need to keep it covered with an insulating blanket until all the water has evaporated and it looks dry (light gray}Concrete generates heat as it cures so all you'll need is a blanket this time of year.If it gets down into the teens, you'll need to put additives in the concrete and add a heat source to aid in the curing.
yes it does
It would weaken the concrete, so keep out the salt.
The water/concrete ratio, not mixing it well enough, quality of raw materials, the age of the concrete, and the temperature and humidity of the area surrounding the concrete.
I will pass on the silica sand item and the strength increases. Try the portland cement association site. As for durability, the most success I know of has been the use of air entraining agents in concrete. My experience is in roads and bridges. A 6% air entrainment (one was called Darex) dramatically improves the ability of concrete to withstand freeze-thaw cycles. Test specimens that I saw had been put through thousands of cycles. The non-air sample was pitted, spalled, pockmarked while the air mix looked pristine. The amont of air entraining agent is critical because it reduces the strength of the mixture (solid sand,and stone particles have been replaced by microscopic air voids). There are hundreds of ways to improve strength and early development of strength. The biggest effect is overuse of the chemical h2o. Also, in the long run air entrainment maintains strength longer because of the durability increase.